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NUR 2474 Exam 2: Pharmacology for Professional Nursing Exam 2 (Latest 2024 / 2025) Rasmussen
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NUR 2474 Exam 2: Pharmacology for Professional Nursing Exam 2 (Latest 2024 / 2025) Rasmussen
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Contents第一部分：环境问题的影响
Chapter Pages
(1) 环境问题不仅对自然生态系统造成严重破坏
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY ............................................................................................... 5
，也直接影响人类的生活和健康。空气污染
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS ........................................................................................................................................ 5
、水资源短缺、土壤退化和生物多样性丧失
PART II PHARMACODYNAMICS .................................................................................................................................... 8
(2) 是当前全球环境面临的主要挑战。例如，空
AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ................. 12
气污染导致健康问题加剧，水资源短缺影响
PART I LOCAL ANESTHETICS ................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
农业和工业生产，土壤退化威胁粮食安全，
PART II CHOLINOMIMETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 16
PART III CHOLINORECEPTOR BLOCKING DRUGS............................................................................................................................................. 19
生物多样性丧失威胁生态平衡。这些问题的
PART IV ADRENORECEPTOR ACTIVATING DRUGS.......................................................................................................................................... 24
PART V ADRENORECEPTOR存在不仅限制了当前社会的发展，也对未来
ANTAGONIST DRUGS .......................................................................................................................................... 29
(3) 可持续发展构成了严峻挑战。
AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ........................ 34
PART I HYPNOTIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
第一部分：环境问题的影响
PART II ANTISEIZURE DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 38
PART III ANTIPARKINSONIAN AGENTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 41
PART IV ETHYL ALCOHOL .................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
环境问题不仅对自然生态系统造成严重破坏
PART V NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 46
PART VI NON-NARCOTIC，也直接影响人类的生活和健康。空气污染
ANALGESICS ............................................................................................................................................................. 49
PART VII ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 51
、水资源短缺、土壤退化和生物多样性丧失
PART VIII ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................... 54
是当前全球环境面临的主要挑战。例如，空
PART IX ANXIOLYTIC AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 57
PART X CNS STIMULANTS气污染导致健康问题加剧，水资源短缺影响
.................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
PART XI DRUGS OF ABUSE .................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
农业和工业生产，土壤退化威胁粮食安全，
PART XII GENERAL ANESTHETICS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 65
生物多样性丧失威胁生态平衡。这些问题的
(4) ORGANOTROPIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................. 68
存在不仅限制了当前社会的发展，也对未来
可持续发展构成了严峻挑战。
PART I DRUGS ACTING ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................................... 68
PART II DRUGS USED IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES ............................................................................................................................... 70
PART III DRUGS ACTING ON HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................. 73
PART IV DRUGS USED IN第一部分：环境问题的影响 DISORDERS OF COAGULATION.............................................................................................................................. 74
PART V DRUGS USED FOR TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE ........................................................................................................................ 76
PART VI ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS ................................................................................................................................................................. 78
PART VII DRUGS FOR ANGINA 环境问题不仅对自然生态系统造成严重破坏
PECTORIS TREATMENT ................................................................................................................................ 80
PART VIII ANTIHYPERTENSIVE ，也直接影响人类的生活和健康。空气污染
DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................. 83
PART IX HYPERTENSIVE (ANTI-HYPOTENSIVE) DRUGS. DRUGS INFLUENCING CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW. ANTI-MIGRAINE
、水资源短缺、土壤退化和生物多样性丧失
AGENTS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 85
是当前全球环境面临的主要挑战。例如，空
(5) METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS .......................................................................................................................... 88
气污染导致健康问题加剧，水资源短缺影响
PART I HYPOTHALAMIC 农业和工业生产，土壤退化威胁粮食安全，
& PITUITARY HORMONES, THYROID & ANTITHYROID DRUGS .................................................................. 88
PART II PANCREATIC HORMONES & ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................... 91
PART III THE GONADAL 生物多样性丧失威胁生态平衡。这些问题的
HORMONES & INHIBITORS ..................................................................................................................................... 93
存在不仅限制了当前社会的发展，也对未来
PART IV GLUCOCORTICOID , STEROIDAL & NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS.......................................................... 95
PART V IMMUNOTROPIC可持续发展构成了严峻挑战。
& ANTIALLERGIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................... 98
PART VI VITAMINS, VITAMIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS, ANTIVITAMINS, ENZYMES & ANTIENZYMES ................................................. 104
PART VII ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC DRUGS & DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF GOUT ............................................................... 110
PART VIII AGENTS THAT第一部分：环境问题的影响
AFFECT BONE MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS ....................................................................................................... 114
PART IX MINERALOCORTICOID, MINERALOCORTICOID ANTAGONISTS, DIURETICS, PLASMA EXPANDERS ............................. 120
(6) CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS ....................................................................................................................... 124
环境问题不仅对自然生态系统造成严重破坏
，也直接影响人类的生活和健康。空气污染
PART I ANTIBIOTICS .................................................................................................................................................... 124
PART II SYNTHETIC ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS ....................................................................................................... 129
、水资源短缺、土壤退化和生物多样性丧失
PART III ANTIPROTOZOAL AND ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS ................................................................................... 132
是当前全球环境面临的主要挑战。例如，空
PART IV ANTIVIRAL AGENTS. AGENTS FOR CHEMOTHERAPY OF CANCER .................................................. 135
气污染导致健康问题加剧，水资源短缺影响
农业和工业生产，土壤退化威胁粮食安全，
生物多样性丧失威胁生态平衡。这些问题的
存在不仅限制了当前社会的发展，也对未来
可持续发展构成了严峻挑战。
第一部分：环境问题的影响
Multiple choice questions
Multiple choice questions
环境问题不仅对自然生态系统造成严重破坏
, 5
第一部分：环境问题的影响
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY
环境问题不仅对自然生态系统造成严重破坏
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS
01. Pharmacokinetics is: ，也直接影响人类的生活和健康。空气污染
、水资源短缺、土壤退化和生物多样性丧失
a) The study of biological and therapeutic effects of drugs
b) The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
是当前全球环境面临的主要挑战。例如，空
c) The study of mechanisms of drug action
d) The study of methods气污染导致健康问题加剧，水资源短缺影响
of new drug development
02. What does “pharmacokinetics”
农业和工业生产，土壤退化威胁粮食安全，
include?
a) Complications of drug therapy
生物多样性丧失威胁生态平衡。这些问题的
b) Drug biotransformation in the organism
c) Influence of drugs on存在不仅限制了当前社会的发展，也对未来
metabolism processes
d) Influence of drugs on genes
可持续发展构成了严峻挑战。
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Pharmacological effects of drugs
b) Unwanted effects of drugs
c) Chemical structure of第一部分：环境问题的影响
a medicinal agent
d) Distribution of drugs in the organism
03. What does “pharmacokinetics”
环境问题不仅对自然生态系统造成严重破坏
include?
a) Localization of drug action
b) Mechanisms of drug ，也直接影响人类的生活和健康。空气污染
action
、水资源短缺、土壤退化和生物多样性丧失
c) Excretion of substances
d) Interaction of substances
是当前全球环境面临的主要挑战。例如，空
04. The main mechanism of most drugs absorption in GI tract is:
气污染导致健康问题加剧，水资源短缺影响
a) Active transport (carrier-mediated diffusion)
b) Filtration (aqueous diffusion)
农业和工业生产，土壤退化威胁粮食安全，
c) Endocytosis and exocytosis
生物多样性丧失威胁生态平衡。这些问题的
d) Passive diffusion (lipid diffusion)
存在不仅限制了当前社会的发展，也对未来
05. What kind of substances can’t permeate membranes by passive diffusion?
a) Lipid-soluble
可持续发展构成了严峻挑战。
b) Non-ionized substances
c) Hydrophobic substances
d) Hydrophilic substances
第一部分：环境问题的影响
06. A hydrophilic medicinal agent has the following property:
a) Low ability to penetrate through the cell membrane lipids
b) Penetrate through membranes by means of endocytosis
环境问题不仅对自然生态系统造成严重破坏
c) Easy permeation through the blood-brain barrier
d) High reabsorption in ，也直接影响人类的生活和健康。空气污染
renal tubules
、水资源短缺、土壤退化和生物多样性丧失
07. What is implied by «active transport»?
a) Transport of drugs trough a membrane by means of diffusion
是当前全球环境面临的主要挑战。例如，空
b) Transport without energy consumption
气污染导致健康问题加剧，水资源短缺影响
c) Engulf of drug by a cell membrane with a new vesicle formation
d) Transport against concentration gradient
农业和工业生产，土壤退化威胁粮食安全，
08. What does the term “bioavailability” mean?
a) Plasma protein binding生物多样性丧失威胁生态平衡。这些问题的
degree of substance
b) Permeability through存在不仅限制了当前社会的发展，也对未来
the brain-blood barrier
c) Fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any route administration
d) Amount of a substance 可持续发展构成了严峻挑战。
in urine relative to the initial doze
09. The reasons determing bioavailability are:
a) Rheological parameters of blood
b) Amount of a substance 第一部分：环境问题的影响
obtained orally and quantity of intakes
c) Extent of absorption and hepatic first-pass effect
d) Glomerular filtration rate
环境问题不仅对自然生态系统造成严重破坏
10. Pick out the appropriate alimentary route of administration when passage of drugs through liver is minimized:
a) Oral ，也直接影响人类的生活和健康。空气污染
b) Transdermal 、水资源短缺、土壤退化和生物多样性丧失
c) Rectal
d) Intraduodenal 是当前全球环境面临的主要挑战。例如，空
气污染导致健康问题加剧，水资源短缺影响
11. Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to the first-pass effect?
a) Sublingual
农业和工业生产，土壤退化威胁粮食安全，
生物多样性丧失威胁生态平衡。这些问题的
存在不仅限制了当前社会的发展，也对未来
可持续发展构成了严峻挑战。
第一部分：环境问题的影响
Multiple choice questions
Multiple choice questions
环境问题不仅对自然生态系统造成严重破坏
, 6
第一部分：环境问题的影响
b) Oral
c) Intravenous
d) Intramuscular 环境问题不仅对自然生态系统造成严重破坏
12. What is characteristic of，也直接影响人类的生活和健康。空气污染
the oral route?
a) Fast onset of effect
b) Absorption depends 、水资源短缺、土壤退化和生物多样性丧失
on GI tract secretion and motor function
是当前全球环境面临的主要挑战。例如，空
c) A drug reaches the blood passing the liver
d) The sterilization of medicinal forms is obligatory
气污染导致健康问题加剧，水资源短缺影响
13. Tick the feature of the sublingual route:
a) Pretty fast absorption农业和工业生产，土壤退化威胁粮食安全，
b) A drug is exposed to生物多样性丧失威胁生态平衡。这些问题的
gastric secretion
c) A drug is exposed more prominent liver metabolism
存在不仅限制了当前社会的发展，也对未来
d) A drug can be administrated in a variety of doses
14. Pick out the parenteral 可持续发展构成了严峻挑战。
route of medicinal agent administration:
a) Rectal
b) Oral
c) Sublingual 第一部分：环境问题的影响
d) Inhalation
15. Parenteral administration:
a) Cannot be used with 环境问题不仅对自然生态系统造成严重破坏
unconsciousness patients
b) Generally results in a，也直接影响人类的生活和健康。空气污染
less accurate dosage than oral administration
c) Usually produces a more rapid response than oral administration
、水资源短缺、土壤退化和生物多样性丧失
d) Is too slow for emergency use
16. What is characteristic of是当前全球环境面临的主要挑战。例如，空
the intramuscular route of drug administration?
a) Only water solutions can be injected
气污染导致健康问题加剧，水资源短缺影响
b) Oily solutions can be injected
农业和工业生产，土壤退化威胁粮食安全，
c) Opportunity of hypertonic solution injections
d) The action develops slower, than at oral administration
生物多样性丧失威胁生态平衡。这些问题的
17. Intravenous injections are more suitable for oily solutions:
a) True 存在不仅限制了当前社会的发展，也对未来
b) False 可持续发展构成了严峻挑战。
18. Correct statements listing characteristics of a particular route of drug administration include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) Intravenous administration provides a rapid response
第一部分：环境问题的影响
b) Intramuscular administration requires a sterile technique
c) Inhalation provides slow access to the general circulation
d) Subcutaneous administration may cause local irritation
环境问题不仅对自然生态系统造成严重破坏
19. Most of drugs are distributed homogeneously.
a) True ，也直接影响人类的生活和健康。空气污染
b) False
、水资源短缺、土壤退化和生物多样性丧失
20. Biological barriers include all except:
a) Renal tubules 是当前全球环境面临的主要挑战。例如，空
b) Cell membranes 气污染导致健康问题加剧，水资源短缺影响
c) Capillary walls
d) Placenta 农业和工业生产，土壤退化威胁粮食安全，
生物多样性丧失威胁生态平衡。这些问题的
21. What is the reason of complicated penetration of some drugs through brain-blood barrier?
a) High lipid solubility of a drug
b) Meningitis
存在不仅限制了当前社会的发展，也对未来
c) Absence of pores in可持续发展构成了严峻挑战。
the brain capillary endothelium
d) High endocytosis degree in a brain capillary
22. The volume of distribution (Vd) relates:
a) Single to a daily dose第一部分：环境问题的影响
of an administrated drug
b) An administrated dose to a body weight
c) An uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation
d) The amount of a drug 环境问题不仅对自然生态系统造成严重破坏
in the body to the concentration of a drug in plasma
，也直接影响人类的生活和健康。空气污染
23. For the calculation of the volume of distribution (Vd) one must take into account:
a) Concentration of a substance in plasma
、水资源短缺、土壤退化和生物多样性丧失
b) Concentration of substance in urine
c) Therapeutical width of是当前全球环境面临的主要挑战。例如，空
drug action
d) A daily dose of drug
气污染导致健康问题加剧，水资源短缺影响
24. A small amount of the volume of distribution is common for lipophylic substances easy penetrating through barriers and
农业和工业生产，土壤退化威胁粮食安全，
widely distributing in plasma, interstitial and cell fluids:
生物多样性丧失威胁生态平衡。这些问题的
存在不仅限制了当前社会的发展，也对未来
可持续发展构成了严峻挑战。
第一部分：环境问题的影响
Multiple choice questions
Multiple choice questions
环境问题不仅对自然生态系统造成严重破坏
, 第一部分：环境问题的影响 7
a) True
b) False 环境问题不仅对自然生态系统造成严重破坏
，也直接影响人类的生活和健康。空气污染
25. The term “biotransformation” includes the following:
a) Accumulation of substances in a fat tissue
、水资源短缺、土壤退化和生物多样性丧失
b) Binding of substances with plasma proteins
是当前全球环境面临的主要挑战。例如，空
c) Accumulation of substances in a tissue
d) Process of physicochemical and biochemical alteration of a drug in the body
气污染导致健康问题加剧，水资源短缺影响
26. Biotransformation of the drugs is to render them:
a) Less ionized 农业和工业生产，土壤退化威胁粮食安全，
生物多样性丧失威胁生态平衡。这些问题的
b) More pharmacologically active
c) More lipid soluble
d) Less lipid soluble 存在不仅限制了当前社会的发展，也对未来
可持续发展构成了严峻挑战。
27. Tick the drug type for which microsomal oxidation is the most prominent:
a) Lipid soluble
b) Water soluble
c) Low molecular weight第一部分：环境问题的影响
d) High molecular weight
28. Pick out the right statement:
a) Microsomal oxidation环境问题不仅对自然生态系统造成严重破坏
always results in inactivation of a compound
b) Microsomal oxidation，也直接影响人类的生活和健康。空气污染
results in a decrease of compound toxicity
c) Microsomal oxidation results in an increase of ionization and water solubility of a drug
d) Microsomal oxidation、水资源短缺、土壤退化和生物多样性丧失
results in an increase of lipid solubility of a drug thus its excretion from the organism is facilitated
是当前全球环境面临的主要挑战。例如，空
29. Stimulation of liver microsomal enzymes can:
气污染导致健康问题加剧，水资源短缺影响
a) Require the dose increase of some drugs
b) Require the dose decrease of some drugs
c) Prolong the duration 农业和工业生产，土壤退化威胁粮食安全，
of the action of a drug
d) Intensify the unwanted生物多样性丧失威胁生态平衡。这些问题的
reaction of a drug
30. Metabolic transformation (phase 1) is:
存在不仅限制了当前社会的发展，也对未来
a) Acetylation and methylation of substances
可持续发展构成了严峻挑战。
b) Transformation of substances due to oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis
c) Glucuronide formation
d) Binding to plasma proteins
第一部分：环境问题的影响
31. Biotransformation of a medicinal substance results in:
a) Faster urinary excretion
b) Slower urinary excretion
c) Easier distribution in 环境问题不仅对自然生态系统造成严重破坏
organism
，也直接影响人类的生活和健康。空气污染
d) Higher binding to membranes
32. Conjugation is:
、水资源短缺、土壤退化和生物多样性丧失
a) Process of drug reduction by special enzymes
是当前全球环境面临的主要挑战。例如，空
b) Process of drug oxidation by special oxidases
c) Coupling of a drug with an endogenous substrate
气污染导致健康问题加剧，水资源短缺影响
d) Solubilization in lipids
农业和工业生产，土壤退化威胁粮食安全，
33. Which of the following processes proceeds in the second phase of biotransformation?
a) Acetylation 生物多样性丧失威胁生态平衡。这些问题的
b) Reduction
c) Oxidation 存在不仅限制了当前社会的发展，也对未来
d) Hydrolysis 可持续发展构成了严峻挑战。
34. Conjugation of a drug includes the following EXCEPT:
a) Glucoronidation
b) Sulfate formation 第一部分：环境问题的影响
c) Hydrolysis
d) Methylation
环境问题不仅对自然生态系统造成严重破坏
35. Metabolic transformation and conjugation usually results in an increase of a substance biological activity:
a) True ，也直接影响人类的生活和健康。空气污染
b) False
、水资源短缺、土壤退化和生物多样性丧失
36. In case of liver disorders accompanied by a decline in microsomal enzyme activity the duration of action of some drugs
is: 是当前全球环境面临的主要挑战。例如，空
a) Decreased 气污染导致健康问题加剧，水资源短缺影响
b) Enlarged
c) Remained unchanged 农业和工业生产，土壤退化威胁粮食安全，
d) Changed insignificantly
生物多样性丧失威胁生态平衡。这些问题的
存在不仅限制了当前社会的发展，也对未来
可持续发展构成了严峻挑战。
第一部分：环境问题的影响
Multiple choice questions
Multiple choice questions
环境问题不仅对自然生态系统造成严重破坏
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