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NR568 / NR 568 Final Exam (Latest 2024 / 2025): Advanced Pharmacology for the Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practitioner|Guide with Verified Answers - Chamberlain

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Title: 环境保护与可持续发展
Contents

Chapter Pages
(1) 随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY ............................................................................................... 5
成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS ........................................................................................................................................ 5
发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
PART II PHARMACODYNAMICS .................................................................................................................................... 8
(2) 本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ................. 12
的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。
PART I LOCAL ANESTHETICS ................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
PART II CHOLINOMIMETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 16
PART III CHOLINORECEPTOR BLOCKING DRUGS............................................................................................................................................. 19
Title: 环境保护与可持续发展
PART IV ADRENORECEPTOR ACTIVATING DRUGS.......................................................................................................................................... 24
PART V ADRENORECEPTOR ANTAGONIST DRUGS .......................................................................................................................................... 29
(3) 随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ........................ 34
成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
PART I HYPNOTIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
PART II ANTISEIZURE DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 38
本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
PART III ANTIPARKINSONIAN AGENTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 41
PART IV ETHYL ALCOHOL .................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。
PART V NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 46
PART VI NON-NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ............................................................................................................................................................. 49
PART VII ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS
Title: 环境保护与可持续发展
.................................................................................................................................................................... 51
PART VIII ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................... 54
PART IX ANXIOLYTIC AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 57
PART X CNS STIMULANTS随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
.................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
PART XI DRUGS OF ABUSE .................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
PART XII GENERAL ANESTHETICS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 65
发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
(4) ORGANOTROPIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................. 68
本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
PART I DRUGS ACTING ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................................... 68
的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。
PART II DRUGS USED IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES ............................................................................................................................... 70
PART III DRUGS ACTING ON HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................. 73
PART IV DRUGS USED INTitle: DISORDERS 环境保护与可持续发展OF COAGULATION.............................................................................................................................. 74
PART V DRUGS USED FOR TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE ........................................................................................................................ 76
PART VI ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS ................................................................................................................................................................. 78
PART VII DRUGS FOR ANGINA 随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
PECTORIS TREATMENT ................................................................................................................................ 80
PART VIII ANTIHYPERTENSIVE 成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................. 83
PART IX HYPERTENSIVE (ANTI-HYPOTENSIVE) DRUGS. DRUGS INFLUENCING CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW. ANTI-MIGRAINE
发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
AGENTS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 85
本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
(5) METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS .......................................................................................................................... 88
的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。
PART I HYPOTHALAMIC & PITUITARY HORMONES, THYROID & ANTITHYROID DRUGS .................................................................. 88
PART II PANCREATIC HORMONES & ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................... 91
PART III THE GONADAL Title: 环境保护与可持续发展
HORMONES & INHIBITORS ..................................................................................................................................... 93
PART IV GLUCOCORTICOID, STEROIDAL & NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS.......................................................... 95
PART V IMMUNOTROPIC & ANTIALLERGIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................... 98
随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
PART VI VITAMINS, VITAMIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS, ANTIVITAMINS, ENZYMES & ANTIENZYMES ................................................. 104
成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
PART VII ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC DRUGS & DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF GOUT ............................................................... 110
PART VIII AGENTS THAT发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
AFFECT BONE MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS ....................................................................................................... 114
PART IX MINERALOCORTICOID, MINERALOCORTICOID ANTAGONISTS, DIURETICS, PLASMA EXPANDERS ............................. 120
本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
(6) CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS ....................................................................................................................... 124
的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。
PART I ANTIBIOTICS .................................................................................................................................................... 124
PART II SYNTHETIC ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS ....................................................................................................... 129
Title:AND
PART III ANTIPROTOZOAL 环境保护与可持续发展
ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS ................................................................................... 132
PART IV ANTIVIRAL AGENTS. AGENTS FOR CHEMOTHERAPY OF CANCER .................................................. 135
随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。

Title: 环境保护与可持续发展
Multiple choice questions
Multiple choice questions

, 5
Title: 环境保护与可持续发展
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY

随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS
01. Pharmacokinetics is:
成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
a) The study of biological and therapeutic effects of drugs
b) The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
c) The study of mechanisms of drug action
d) The study of methods的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。
of new drug development
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Complications of drug therapy
Title:
b) Drug biotransformation in 环境保护与可持续发展
the organism
c) Influence of drugs on metabolism processes
d) Influence of drugs on genes
随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
a) Pharmacological effects of drugs
b) Unwanted effects of drugs
发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
c) Chemical structure of a medicinal agent
d) Distribution of drugs本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
in the organism
的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。
03. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Localization of drug action
b) Mechanisms of drug action
Title: 环境保护与可持续发展
c) Excretion of substances
d) Interaction of substances
04. The main mechanism of most drugs absorption in GI tract is:
随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
a) Active transport (carrier-mediated diffusion)
b) Filtration (aqueous diffusion)
成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
c) Endocytosis and exocytosis
发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
d) Passive diffusion (lipid diffusion)
本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
05. What kind of substances can’t permeate membranes by passive diffusion?
a) Lipid-soluble
的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。
b) Non-ionized substances
c) Hydrophobic substances
d) Hydrophilic substances
Title: 环境保护与可持续发展
06. A hydrophilic medicinal agent has the following property:
a) Low ability to penetrate through the cell membrane lipids
b) Penetrate through membranes by means of endocytosis
随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
c) Easy permeation through the blood-brain barrier
d) High reabsorption in 成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
renal tubules
发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
07. What is implied by «active transport»?
a) Transport of drugs trough a membrane by means of diffusion
本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
b) Transport without energy consumption
的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。
c) Engulf of drug by a cell membrane with a new vesicle formation
d) Transport against concentration gradient
08. What does the term “bioavailability” mean?
a) Plasma protein bindingTitle:
degree 环境保护与可持续发展
of substance
b) Permeability through the brain-blood barrier
c) Fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any route administration
d) Amount of a substance 随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
in urine relative to the initial doze
09. The reasons determing成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
bioavailability are:
a) Rheological parameters of blood
b) Amount of a substance 发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
obtained orally and quantity of intakes
c) Extent of absorption 本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
and hepatic first-pass effect
d) Glomerular filtration rate
的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。
10. Pick out the appropriate alimentary route of administration when passage of drugs through liver is minimized:
a) Oral
b) Transdermal
c) Rectal
Title: 环境保护与可持续发展
d) Intraduodenal
随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
11. Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to the first-pass effect?
a) Sublingual
成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。

Title: 环境保护与可持续发展
Multiple choice questions
Multiple choice questions

, 6
Title: 环境保护与可持续发展
b) Oral
c) Intravenous
d) Intramuscular 随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
12. What is characteristic of成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
the oral route?
a) Fast onset of effect
发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
b) Absorption depends on GI tract secretion and motor function
本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
c) A drug reaches the blood passing the liver
d) The sterilization of medicinal forms is obligatory
的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。
13. Tick the feature of the sublingual route:
a) Pretty fast absorption
b) A drug is exposed toTitle: 环境保护与可持续发展
gastric secretion
c) A drug is exposed more prominent liver metabolism
d) A drug can be administrated in a variety of doses
14. Pick out the parenteral 随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
route of medicinal agent administration:
a) Rectal
b) Oral
成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
c) Sublingual 发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
d) Inhalation
本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
15. Parenteral administration:
a) Cannot be used with 的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。
unconsciousness patients
b) Generally results in a less accurate dosage than oral administration
c) Usually produces a more rapid response than oral administration
Title:use环境保护与可持续发展
d) Is too slow for emergency
16. What is characteristic of the intramuscular route of drug administration?
a) Only water solutions can be injected
随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
b) Oily solutions can be injected
成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
c) Opportunity of hypertonic solution injections
d) The action develops slower, than at oral administration
发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
17. Intravenous injections are more suitable for oily solutions:
a) True 本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
b) False 的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。
18. Correct statements listing characteristics of a particular route of drug administration include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) Intravenous administration provides a rapid response
Title: 环境保护与可持续发展
b) Intramuscular administration requires a sterile technique
c) Inhalation provides slow access to the general circulation
d) Subcutaneous administration may cause local irritation
随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
19. Most of drugs are distributed homogeneously.
a) True 成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
b) False
发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
20. Biological barriers include all except:
a) Renal tubules 本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
b) Cell membranes 的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。
c) Capillary walls
d) Placenta
Title: 环境保护与可持续发展
21. What is the reason of complicated penetration of some drugs through brain-blood barrier?
a) High lipid solubility of a drug
b) Meningitis
c) Absence of pores in随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
the brain capillary endothelium
d) High endocytosis degree in a brain capillary
成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
22. The volume of distribution (Vd) relates:
a) Single to a daily dose发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
of an administrated drug
b) An administrated dose 本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
to a body weight
c) An uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation
d) The amount of a drug 的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。
in the body to the concentration of a drug in plasma
23. For the calculation of the volume of distribution (Vd) one must take into account:
a) Concentration of a substance in plasma
Title: in环境保护与可持续发展
b) Concentration of substance urine
c) Therapeutical width of drug action
d) A daily dose of drug
随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
24. A small amount of the volume of distribution is common for lipophylic substances easy penetrating through barriers and
成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
widely distributing in plasma, interstitial and cell fluids:
发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。

Title: 环境保护与可持续发展
Multiple choice questions
Multiple choice questions

, Title: 环境保护与可持续发展 7
a) True
b) False 随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
25. 成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
The term “biotransformation” includes the following:
发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
a) Accumulation of substances in a fat tissue
b) Binding of substances with plasma proteins
本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
c) Accumulation of substances in a tissue
的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。
d) Process of physicochemical and biochemical alteration of a drug in the body
26. Biotransformation of the drugs is to render them:
a) Less ionized
Title:
b) More pharmacologically 环境保护与可持续发展
active
c) More lipid soluble
d) Less lipid soluble
随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
27. Tick the drug type for which microsomal oxidation is the most prominent:
a) Lipid soluble 成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
b) Water soluble
c) Low molecular weight发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
d) High molecular weight本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
28. Pick out the right statement:
的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。
a) Microsomal oxidation always results in inactivation of a compound
b) Microsomal oxidation results in a decrease of compound toxicity
c) Microsomal oxidation results in an increase of ionization and water solubility of a drug
results环境保护与可持续发展
d) Microsomal oxidationTitle: in an increase of lipid solubility of a drug thus its excretion from the organism is facilitated
29. Stimulation of liver microsomal enzymes can:
随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
a) Require the dose increase of some drugs
b) Require the dose decrease of some drugs
c) Prolong the duration 成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
of the action of a drug
d) Intensify the unwanted发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
reaction of a drug
30. Metabolic transformation (phase 1) is:
本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
a) Acetylation and methylation of substances
的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。
b) Transformation of substances due to oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis
c) Glucuronide formation
d) Binding to plasma proteins
Title: 环境保护与可持续发展
31. Biotransformation of a medicinal substance results in:
a) Faster urinary excretion
b) Slower urinary excretion
c) Easier distribution in 随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
organism
d) Higher binding to membranes
成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
32. Conjugation is:
发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
a) Process of drug reduction by special enzymes
本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
b) Process of drug oxidation by special oxidases
c) Coupling of a drug with an endogenous substrate
的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。
d) Solubilization in lipids
33. Which of the following processes proceeds in the second phase of biotransformation?
a) Acetylation Title: 环境保护与可持续发展
b) Reduction
c) Oxidation
d) Hydrolysis 随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
34. Conjugation of a drug includes the following EXCEPT:
a) Glucoronidation 成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
b) Sulfate formation 发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
c) Hydrolysis
d) Methylation 本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。
35. Metabolic transformation and conjugation usually results in an increase of a substance biological activity:
a) True
b) False
Title:
36. In case of liver disorders 环境保护与可持续发展
accompanied by a decline in microsomal enzyme activity the duration of action of some drugs
is:
a) Decreased
b) Enlarged 随着人类社会的发展，环境问题日益突出，
c) Remained unchanged 成为全球性的关注焦点。环境保护与可持续
d) Changed insignificantly
发展问题日益引起人们的广泛关注和重视。
本文将探讨环境问题对人类社会和经济发展
的影响，以及解决这些问题的策略和方法。

Title: 环境保护与可持续发展
Multiple choice questions
Multiple choice questions

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