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NSG 3160- Exam 3 questions & answers
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NSG 3160- Exam 3 questions & answers
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NSG 3160- Exam 3 questions & answersRight side of the heart pumps to... - CORRECT ANSWER-Lungs
Left side of heart pumps... - CORRECT ANSWER-simultaneously to body
Septum - CORRECT ANSWER-wall that separates two pumps
atrioventricular valves - CORRECT ANSWER-separate atria and ventricles
heard at apex, located at bottom of heart: 5th rib intercostal space
Apical pulse is also called - CORRECT ANSWER-Mitral area/PM/Apex
Right AV valve = - CORRECT ANSWER-tricuspid valve, 5th intercostal space at
left sternal border
Left AV valve = - CORRECT ANSWER-Mitral valve, 5th intercostal space at left
midclavicular line
Semilunar (SL) valves - CORRECT ANSWER-between ventricles and arteries
3 cusps that look like half moons
heard at BASE, located at TOP of heart
pulmonic valve - CORRECT ANSWER-located on right side of heart, 2nd L
intercostal space
aortic valve - CORRECT ANSWER-located on left side of heart, 2nd R intercostal
space
Diastole phase - CORRECT ANSWER-ventricles relax, heart fills with blood
2/3 of cycle
AV valves (tricuspid and mitral) are OPEN
pressure in atria is higher than in ventricles.
1st filling phase is called early or protodiastolic filling.
2nd filling is called presystole or atrial systole
,Systole phase - CORRECT ANSWER-blood pumped from ventricles and fills
pulmonary and systemic arteries
1/3 of cardiac cycle
ventricular pressure is now HIGHER than that of atria, causing atria to close.
After blood ejection, pressure falls in ventricles. When pressure falls below
pressure in aorta, some blood flows backward towards ventricle, causing aortic
valve to shut.
S1 or Lub - CORRECT ANSWER-closer of AV valve
S2 or Dub - CORRECT ANSWER-closure of semilunar valve
S3 heart sound - CORRECT ANSWER-↑ventricular filling pressure (e.g., mitral
regurgitation, HF), common in dilated ventricles. VIBRATIONS heard over chest.
A gallop.
Occurs immediately after S2 (LUB DUB DUB). May be early sign of heart failure.
S4 heart sound - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs at end of Diastole, at presystole.
HEARD BEST AT APEX w/ pt turned to LEFT LATERAL so heart is closer to
chest wall. VIBRATION is very soft and low pitch. Occurs jsut before S1 (DUB
LUB DUB)
murmur - CORRECT ANSWER-abnormal swishing sound caused by improper
closure of the heart valves. turbulent blood flow.
Automaticity - CORRECT ANSWER-contracts by itself, independent of any
signals or stimulation from body.
SA node - CORRECT ANSWER-"pacemaker" of heart
P wave - CORRECT ANSWER-atrial depolarization
PR interval - CORRECT ANSWER-beginning of P wave to beginning of QRS
complex
QRS complex - CORRECT ANSWER-depolarization of the ventricles
, T wave - CORRECT ANSWER-repolarization of ventricles
Cardiac Output (CO) - CORRECT ANSWER-Amount of blood pumped in 1
minute (4-6 L)
CO=SV x R
carotid artery - CORRECT ANSWER-located in groove b/w trachea and
sternomastoid muscle. palpate only 1 at a time.
jugular vein - CORRECT ANSWER-Vein that carries blood from the R atrium into
the superior vena cava
Risk factor for CVD - CORRECT ANSWER-elevated cholesterol
High BP
Known diabetes or blood sugar levels above 11 mg/dL
Obesity
Cig smoking
Low physical activity
gender
length of hormone replacement therapy
Aging adult heart - CORRECT ANSWER-hemodynamic changes (increase in
systolic BP caused by THICKENING & STIFFENING of large arteries. Diastolic
BP may decrease after 5th decade of life. Heart size and heart rate do not
change. INCREASE in AP diameter (difficulty palpating apical pulse). SYSTOLIC
MURMUR. DYSRHTHMIAS (INCREASE in presence of supra-ventricular and
ventricular dysrhythmias.
Bruit - CORRECT ANSWER-blowing, swooshing sound indicating BLOOD
FLOW TURBULENCE heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially
occluded
Inspecting the Jugular Venous Pulse - CORRECT ANSWER--position person
supine at 45 degree angle where you can best see pulsations
-remove pillow, turn head away from self
-hold ruler VERTICAL to sternal angle, straight edge like tongue depressor.
-if JVD or heart failure suspected, THEN perform abdominojugular test
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