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Summary Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids Notes $9.11   Add to cart
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Summary Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids Notes

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  • Course
  • Unit 1 - Biological molecules
  • Institution
  • AQA

Provides in depth detail on the structure and function of RNA and DNA. Also provides detail on the key processes such as replication of DNA and how proteins are made.

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Document information

  • June 22, 2024
  • 9
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

Subjects

  • dna
  • structure of dna
  • rna
  • structure of rna
  • translation
  • transcription
  • atp
  • semi conservative replication

Written for

  • A/AS Level
  • AQA
  • A Level Biology
  • Unit 1 - Biological molecules
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Content preview

, cells require energy for many processes :




LI
Metabolism-all reactions in body

Anabolism
= making big molecules from small ones


catabolism :
making big molecules into small ones

cell Division

Active Transport = need energy substances ,
more against concentration gradient

Movement-mechanical work , ex. Muscle contraction -




plant+ animal release energy from glucose respiration this energy used to make ATP
·
=
,
.




·
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) able to supply cells with an energy form they can use .




·
For
ATP used energy transfer in all cells in all living things + therefore known as universal

energy currency.
·
Mitochondria through aerobic respiration is responsible for ATP

structure of ATP

a de nine
-


ribose -




& -

Sugarfoundacids
·




triphosphate (Pi(
·
50 sugar


·
known as phosphorylated nucleotide - similar structure to a DNA nucleotide .




HOW ATP releases energy

·
When energy needed by a cell ,
ATp broken down into ADP + P;

↳
hydrolysis reaction -

phosphate bond broken +
energy released

I reaction catalysed by ATP hydrolase
·
ATP hydrolysis can be coupled with other energy requiring reactions In cell . Means energy

released used directly to make coupled reaction happen rather than being lost as heat
.


·

Inorganic phosphate can already be put
released to use -


can be added to another compound-

PHOSPHORYLATION - makes compound more reactive .




ATP can be resynthesised in a condensation reaction between App + Pi happens during resp/
· =
.




photosynthesis + catalysed by ATP synthase

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