Edexcel A Level Sociology – Education
Paper 1 May 2024 Exam 2 Review
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Durkheim - Answer>> 2 Functions of Education System
1. social solidarity (transmitting one generations norms and
values to the next)
2. teaching specialist skills
School = miniature society - child learns how to interact w/others
of community and follow rules.
Parsons - Answer>> Education and Universalistic Values
2 Functions of School
1. socialisation (between family and wider society = secondary).
2. socialise young into basic values of society (meritocracy)
Davis and Moore - Answer>> Role Allocation
AO3 of Durkheim and Parsons' ideas of the functions of school.
The Market vs The State - Answer>> The New Right
- too much state control of education = welfare dependency
culture.
- 'one size fits all' education = doesn't meet
individual/community/employer's needs.
- lower standards: state-run schools = not accountable for
'consumers' - school won't change - if students get bad results.
low results = lower standards = less qualified workers.
- Solution to this issue: marketisation; schools respond to
demands of parents, students and employees.
Gerwitz - Answer>> competition between schools benefits m/c
- they have the money to move to catchment area of better
schools whilst w/c limited to their area.
, Althusser - Answer>> The Role of Ideology
education system = part of ideological state apparatus -
reproduces class-based inequalities by legitimising capitalism as
'just' so w/c remain w/c.
Bowles And Gintis - Answer>> Hidden curriculum that shapes
the workforce;
- subservient workforce
- encourages acceptance of hierarchy
- motivation by external rewards rather than love/education
- schools = fragmented like routine work.
Willis - Answer>> Learning to Labour
- w/c lads see through the smokescreen of meritocracy.
- result = counter school subculture to dominate school's values
- anti-school behaviour guarantees dead-end jobs.
Institute of Education - Answer>> Year: 2000
Discovered:
- more kids born to educated parents (1970)
- those born into poverty underachieve.
Payne - Answer>> 82% professionals/managers went to
university
only 60% children of semi/unskilled workers.
External explanations for class gap - Answer>> - Cultural
Deprivation: class differences (norms/values/attitudes to
education)
- Material Deprivation: physical necessities (adequate
housing/diet/income)
- Cultural Capital: values/attitudes needed for success
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