USA Biology Olympiad
levels of biological organization (smallest to largest) - ANS-the biosphere, ecosystems,
communities, populations, organisms, organs/organ systems, tissues, cells, organelles,
molecules
eukaryotic cells (groups, properties) - ANS-eukaryotes: subdivided by organelles
prokaryotic cells (groups, properties) - ANS-archaea and bacteria: DNA lacks
separation via membrane bound nucleus, lack organelles
emergent properties - ANS-new properties that arise with each step upward in the
hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity
increases
reductionism - ANS-reducing complex systems to simpler components, more
manageable to study
taxonomy order (acronym) - ANS-Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family,
Genus, Species (Dumb King Phillip Came Over From German Soil)
four elements essential to life (96%) and four others (4%) - ANS-carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen, nitrogen (COHN): make up 96% of living matter. phosphorus, sulfur, calcium,
and potassium make up most 4%.
trace elements - ANS-required by organisms in minute quantities. (ex. iodine)
specific heat - ANS-the amount of energy required to change the temperature of 1 gram
of a substance by 1 degree celsius
heat of vaporization - ANS-the quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g of it to be
converted from the liquid to the gaseous state
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