HUN 1201 Exam 2 Study Guide
Absorption - ANS-Taking products through the intestinal wall
Anabolism - ANS-is the process of making larger, chemically complex molecules from
smaller ones
ATP
(Adenosine Triphosphate) - ANS-organic compound used by cells as a source of energy
- it is produced in the mitochondria
basics of lipid digestion - ANS-The majority of lipid digestion takes place in the small
intestine, with the help of bile from the liver and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
Micelles transport the end products of lipid digestion to the enterocytes for absorption
and eventual transport via the blood or lymph.
Beginning products of glycolysis - ANS-you have 6 carbons (glucose) and you use 2
ATPs for energy investment so then 2 glyceraldehydes and 3 phosphates are made and
4 ATP are gained from energy generation
Carboxypeptidase, aminopeptidase, dipeptidase lipase, sucrase, maltase, & lactase -
ANS-• produced in the small intestine
• site of action is in the small intestine.
• Its primary action is to digest proteins, digest lipids & digest the simple carbohydrates
sucrose, maltose, and lactose.
Catabolism - ANS-breakdown of larger, complex molecules to smaller, more basic ones
Chief Cells - ANS-Secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase
cholecystokinin - ANS-•production site: small intestine (duodenum and jejunum)
• Target organ: Pancreas, gallbladder, stomach
• actions: stimulates secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes
stimulates gallbladder contraction
slows gastric emptying
Cis: - ANS-Same side of the carbon chain
, Complete protein - ANS-(high quality): sufficient amounts of all nine essential amino
acids
- Derived from animal and soy protein
- Soy protein sufficient for adults, not for infants
- rice and beans
Digestion - ANS-Large food molecules are broken down to smaller molecules-
mechanically and chemically
Elimination - ANS-Undigested proteins of food and waste products are removed from
the body
Ending products of glycolysis - ANS-left with 2 ATP's therefore 2 pyruvates.
Fates of triglycerides after absorption - ANS-*** in the chylomicrons are
disassembled by lipoprotein lipase before they can enter body cells
They could possibly be used for energy, used to make lipid-containing compounds, or
stored in muscle and adipose tissue
Fructose - ANS-sweetest natural sugar; found in fruit; high-fructose corn syrup
Galactose - ANS-does not occur alone in foods; binds with glucose to form lactose.
Gallbladder role - ANS-stores bile, a greenish fluid, produced by the liver
CCK signals the gallbladder to release bile
Bile emulsifies the lipids
Lipids are dispersed into smaller globules and become more accessible to digestive
enzymes
gastrin - ANS-• production site: stomach
• target organ: stomach
• actions: stimulates secretion of HCl and pepsinogen (inactive form of pepsin).
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