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HUN 1201 Test 4 - Water and Minerals Questions with 100% Actual correct answers | verified | latest update | Graded A+ | Already Passed | Complete Solution $7.99
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HUN 1201 Test 4 - Water and Minerals Questions with 100% Actual correct answers | verified | latest update | Graded A+ | Already Passed | Complete Solution
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HUN 1201
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HUN 1201
HUN 1201 Test 4 - Water and Minerals Questions with 100% Actual correct answers | verified | latest update | Graded A+ | Already Passed | Complete Solution
HUN 1201 Test 4 - Water and Minerals
How much of the body weight does water take up? - ANS-60% of the body
What determines the amount of water in the body? - ANS-Less lean mass = less water.
Females, obese people, elderly have least.
How long can you survive without water? - ANS-A few days
How effective is the body's thirst response? - ANS-The body's thirst response lags
behind the body's need for thirst
What are some sources of water? - ANS-Water, beverages, condensation reactions,
oxidation of energy-yielding nutrients
How does the body lose water? - ANS-Minimum excretion each day as urine (500ml)
Vapor from longs
Sweat from skin
Loss in feces
How much water is recommended? - ANS-Needs vary. AI for total water (3.7L/day men,
2.7/L day women)
What effects on your health does water have? - ANS-Meet bodily needs, protect against
urinary stones and constipation, Concentration, alertness, short-term memory.
What are the different types of water? - ANS-Hard water (high concentration of Ca and
Mg)
Soft water (principle mineral Na and K)
Kidneys are central to what, and instruct the body to do what? - ANS-Kidneys are
central to blood volume and pressure maintenance, and instructions for the body to
retain or release water come from 4 hormones or enzymes - ADH, renin, angiotensin,
aldosterone
What is ADH? - ANS-Antidiuretic hormone-hypothalamus stimulates pituitary gland to
release ADH in response to low blood volume or pressure and increase concentrated
extracellular fluid. Water conserving hormone that stimulates kidneys to reabsorb water.
, What is Renin? - ANS-Enzyme released by kidney cells when blood pressure is low.
Kidneys reabsorb sodium causing water retention.
What is angiotensin? - ANS-Vasoconstrictor, raises blood pressure. Renin hydrolyzes
angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1. Angiotensin 1 is converted to angiotensin 2.
What is aldosterone? - ANS-Released from adrenal glands. Signals kidneys to excrete
potassium and retain sodium.
What fluid balance has to be maintained and how? - ANS-2/3 inside the cell, 1/3
outside. If balance is off, cells could rupture or collapse. Balance is maintained by
moving of minerals.
What are electrolytes? - ANS-Sodium is a cation, Chloride is an anion. Conduct
electricity, therefore called electrolytes.
Which electrolytes are outside the cell? - ANS-Sodium and chloride
Which electrolytes are outside the cell? - ANS-potassium, magnesium, phosphate,
sulfate
Which macronutrient regulates fluid movement? - ANS-Proteins. They attract water
(protein acts as a solute). Transport proteins pass ions through cell membranes, sodium
potassium pump.
Which two sites regulate fluid and electrolyte balance? - ANS-GI tract, kidneys
What can cause imbalance of electrolytes? - ANS-Prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, heavy
sweating, burns, traumatic wounds, some medications. Imbalance can cause medical
emergency.
Vomiting and diarrhea causes loss of which electrolyte? - ANS-sodium
Tumor development causes loss of which electrolyte? - ANS-Potassium
How can lost fluids and electrolytes be replaced? - ANS-Plain cool water, regular foods,
replacement fluids (pedialyte, gatorade)
How is acid regulated? - ANS-narrow pH range to avoid life-threatening consequences
(denaturization of proteins)
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