perfect stage - ANS-teleomorph
sexual
karyogamy -> zygote -> meosis -> mitosis -> dispersal and germination
holomorph - ANS-has sexual and asexual stages
imperfect fungus from old taxonomy - ANS-Trichoderma virens
one fungus, two names - ANS-DNA has revolutionized taxonomy, helped distinguish
species previously thought to be different forms of the same species
Trichoderma virens
Hypcrea virens
central dogma - ANS-Transcription: DNA -> mRNA
Translation: mRNA -> functional molecule
ribosome function - ANS-carries out translation, uses mRNA to build proteins
ribosomal gene clusters - ANS-encodes 3 regions of ribosomal RNA
subunits sequenced for phylogenetics and taxonomy
key genes/regions of ribosomal gene cluster - ANS-18S small subunit (SSU)
5.8S & 28S large subunits (LSU)
internal transcribed spacers (ITS)
tandem repeats - ANS-200+ ribosomal/ITS sequence copies
separated by non-transcribed spacers (NTS)
18S small subunit - ANS-region of rRNA in ribosomal gene cluster
encodes RNA for small subunit
highly conserved among fungi
preferred for phylogenetics
5.8S and 28S large subunits - ANS-region of rRNA in ribosomal gene cluster
encodes RNA for large subunit
highly conserved among fungi
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