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Perfusion_ Shock ATI book
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Perfusion: Shock ATI bookShock - correct answer-A state of inadequate tissue perfusion that impairs
cellular function and can lead to organ failure
Decreased ability to compensate for shock can cause - correct
answer-Sustained low cardiac output and bp
Cardiogenic shock - correct answer-Failure of the heart to pump effectively
due to a cardiac factor
Hypovolemic shock - correct answer-A decrease in intravascular volume of at
least 15-30%
Obstructive shock - correct answer-Impairment of the heart to pump effectively
as a result of a non cardiac factor
Distributive shock - correct answer-Widespread vasodilation and increased
capillary repermiability. This includes neurogenic, septic, and anaphylactic
shock
Examples of cardiogenic shock - correct answer-Acute Myocardial Infarction
CHF, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis
Aortic insufficiency, myocardial contusion
Examples of hypovolemic shock - correct answer-hemorrhage, burns, severe
dehydration
Examples of obstructive shock - correct answer-cardiac tamponade and
tension pneumothorax
Examples of distributive shock - correct answer-sepsis, anaphylaxis
Stages of of shock - correct answer-Initial, compensatory (nonprogressive),
progressive, refractory
Initial shock - correct answer-No visible changes in client's parameters, only
changes on cellular level
, Compensatory (non-progressive) shock - correct answer-Measures to
increase cardiac output to restore tissue perfusion and oxygenation (shunting
etc)
Progressive shock - correct answer-Compensatory mechanisms fail
Tissues become hypoxic, cells switch to anaerobic metabolism, lactic acid
builds up, and metabolic acidosis develops
Refractory shock - correct answer-Irreversible shock and total body failure.
Death
How to prevent cardiogenic shock - correct answer-Prevent MI. Exercise, diet,
reduce stress, stop smoking
How to prevent hypovolemic shock - correct answer-Drink plenty of fluids
when in exercising or in hot weather, seek medical help quickly after trauma
Risk factors for cardiogenic shock - correct answer-Cardiac pump failure due
to direct cardiac cause such as
MI
HF
Cardiomyopathy
Dysrhythmias
Valvular ruptures or stenosis
Risk factors for hypovolemic shock - correct answer-Diuresis
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Surgery
Trauma
OB blood loss
Burns
DKA
Risk factors for obstructive shock - correct answer-Cardiac pump failure due
to an indirect cardiac factor such as blockage of great vessels, in pulmonary
artery stenosis, PE, cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, aortic
dissection
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