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BUSMHR 3100- Final Exam (1)
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BUSMHR 3100- Final Exam (1)
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BUSMHR 3100- Final ExamPerception - ANS-a cognitive process that enables us to interpret and understand our
surroundings
Stereotype - ANS-an individual's set of beliefs about the characteristics or attributes of a
group
Problems with stereotypes - ANS-- can lead to inaccurate perceptions, poor decisions,
and unfair behavior
- can create barriers for people based on, ethnicity, gener, age, disabilities
How Stereotypes are Formed: - ANS-1. Categorization
2. Inferences
3. Expectations
4. Maintenance
Discrimination - ANS-occurs when employment decisions about an individual are based
on reasons not associated with performance or related to the job
how to combat stereotypes - ANS-1. Educate
2. Create opportunities
3. Increase awareness
Which of the following statements is NOT accurate?
A. Stereotypes can lead to poor decisions.
B. All stereotypes are negative
C. Stereotypes are used during the encoding process of perception
D. Quality interpersonal contact among mixed groups may reduce the use of
stereotypes
E. Some people have negative stereotypes about older individuals. - ANS-B. All
stereotypes are negative
Casual Attribution - ANS--spected or inferred causes of behavior
-ascribing motives, intentions, or reasons to explain why things happened or why
someone did what they did
Bill has a history of turning in his monthly reports on time and with 100% accuracy. This
month Bill's reports were accurate but a week late. Why?
,A. Bill doesn't know how to do monthly reports
B. Bill is lazy
C. The information he needed was not available - ANS-C. The information he needed
was not available
Kelley's Model of Attribution - ANS-Consensus: Is one's behavior in this situation similar
to that of his/her peers?
Distinctiveness: Is one's behavior in this situation different from his/her behavior in
different situations?
Consistency: Is one's behavior in this same situation similar to over time?
Fundamental Attribution Bias - ANS-one's tendency to attribute another person's
behavior to his or her personal characteristics, as opposed to situational factors
self-serving bias - ANS-one's tendency to take more personal responsibility for success
than for failure
implications for attribution biases - ANS--may lead to unfair/ ineffective hiring,
performance appraisal, promotions, raises.
- could negatively impact employee's motivation, satification, and performance
Megan was hurt at work. Megan's manager concluded that Megan was careless and
clumsy. Megan's manager may have committed an error called:
A. Fundamental attribution
B. Leniency
C. Stereotyping
D. Self-serving bias
E. Halo - ANS-A. fundamental attribution
diversity - ANS-the multitude of individual differences and similarities that exist among
people
surface-level diversity - ANS-differences such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, and physical
disabilities that are observable, typically unchangeable, and easy to measure
deep-level diversity - ANS-differences in values, personality, and work preferences that
become progressively more important for determining similarity as people get to know
one another better
, Benefits of Diversity - ANS--higher creativity in decision making
-better understanding and service of customers
-more satisfied workforce
-higher stock prices
-lower litigation expenses
-higher company performance
T/F: Benefits come when diversity is managed effectively - ANS-True
Inclusion - ANS-the extent to which the vast diversity of organizational members is
brought together in a meaningful way to increase success
T/F: Organizations are increasing focus on inclusion rather than just diversity -
ANS-True
managing diversity - ANS--remove ethnocentrism
-promote diversity
Ethnocentrism - ANS-the belief that one's own culture or group is superior to others and
the tendency to view all other cultures from the perspective of one's own
Physcological safety - ANS-the extent to which people feel safe to express their ideas
and beliefs without fear of negative consequences
Sam, a driver, is about to pass through an intersection. His light turns green, and he
begins to accelerate when another car drives through the red light and crosses in front
of her. Sam ignores any potential environmental factors that could be contributing to the
other driver running the light and blames the other driver for being a reckless driver.
This is an example of which of the following:
A. fundamental attribution bias
B. contrast effects
C. halo error
D. self-serving bias
E. projection - ANS-A. Fundamental Attribution bias
Which of the following statement is correct regarding diversity?
A. Diversity is defined as the extent to which the differences of organization members is
brought together in a meaningful way to increase success.
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