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CPH Exam - All Sample Questions with Explanations of Answers | latest upate 2024
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CPH Exam - All Sample QuestionsA case-control study comparing ovarian cancer cases with community controls found an
odds ratio of 2.0 in relation to exposure to radiation. Which is the correct interpretation
of the measure of association?
(A) Women exposed to radiation had 2.0 times the risk of ovarian cancer when
compared to women not exposed to radiation
(B) Women exposed to radiation had 2.0 times the risk of ovarian cancer when
compared to women without ovarian cancer
(C) Ovarian cancer cases had 2.0 times the odds of exposure to radiation when
compared to controls
(D) Ovarian cancer cases had 2.0 times the odds of exposure to radiation when
compared to women with other cancers - ANS-C
A community has high rates of HIV infection among injection drug users (IDUs). The
community council decides to legalize needle exchange programs in an effort to provide
clean syringes to prevent the sharing of contaminated needles in drug-using networks.
This type of program is an example of:
(A) Harm reductions
(B) Policy advocacy
(C) Community organization
(D) Behavior change - ANS-A
A health policy that is implemented within a representative democracy with separation
of powers at all governmental levels and that is characterized by the presence of
well-funded interest groups:
(A) Will reflect the preferences of the majority of citizens
(B) Must be based on the best scientific evidence available
(C) Will represent a compromise among multiple and competing interests
(D) Is doomed to failure - ANS-C
A pediatric patient complaining of an inner ear infection was diagnosed by an
overworked emergency room resident who then prescribed an asthma medication. This
is an example of:
(A) Poor interpersonal quality
(B) Poor technical quality
(C) Inequitable access
(D) Inefficient access - ANS-B
,A person's blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg. Would he or she be classified as:
(A) Optimal
(B) Normal
(C) Having high normal blood pressure
(D) Having hypertension - ANS-D
A population of rural women experiences a high rate of mortality related to breast
cancer. Researchers at a local university implement a breast cancer screening
intervention. This intervention is an example of:
(A) Tertiary prevention
(B) Advocacy
(C) Secondary prevention
(D) Primary prevention - ANS-C
A positive (or reinforcing) feedback loop is:
(A) A relationship in which the change in one factor leads to the increase (positive
change) in another factor
(B) A closed circular sequence of cause and effect relationships in which the original
element is made to grow ever faster
(C) A closed circular sequence relationships in which, once some original element is
made to change (increase or decrease), subsequent cause and effect relationships
cause the original element to move ever-faster in the direction of its original change
(D) A closed circular sequence of relationships in which the change of any element is
restricted to reinforce the system's stability - ANS-C
A prevalence study of depression drew a sample of the residents of Houston by visiting
all residents in randomly selected census tracts. A screening test with a sensitivity of
99% and a specificity of 50% was used to identify individuals as "likely depressed." The
study reported a prevalence of 28%. This prevalence is:
(A) A true representation of depression in this population
(B) Higher than expected because of the specificity of the screening test
(C) Lower than expected because of the specificity of the screening test
(D) Higher than expected because of the sensitivity of the test
(E) Lower than expected because of the sensitivity of the test - ANS-B
A primary technique for preventing food-borne disease in cafeteria-type food service
establishments is:
(A) Encouraging customers to wash their hands before eating
(B) Maintaining warm foods at a sufficiently high holding temperature
(C) Weekly application of pesticides to control cockroaches
,(D) Annual physical examinations of food service workers - ANS-B
A remote population of Pacific Islanders has lived without influence from the outside
world for several centuries. The islanders were introduced to cigarettes as the influence
of Western culture impacted their island about 25 years ago. The incidence of lung
cancer is now high in the islanders who started to smoke 20 or more years ago. The
observation of high levels of lung cancer after years of smoking is:
(A) Unusual for Pacific Islanders who smoke
(B) Typical for any population of smokers
(C) Inconsistent with the standard model of tumor initiation, promotion, and progression
(D) Insufficiently explained by the information above - ANS-B
A researcher is interested in identifying potential risk factors for a rare form of bone
cancer in children. Which of the following study designs would be best suited to
investigate the risk factors for this type of cancer?
(A) Prevalence-survey
(B) Case-control
(C) Cohort
(D) Descriptive
(E) Experimental - ANS-B
A screening test is used in the same way in two similar populations, but the proportion
of false-positive results among those who test positive in population B is higher than
that among those who test positive in population A. What is the most likely explanation
for this finding?
(A) The specificity of the test is higher in population A
(B) The specificity of the test is lower in population A
(C) The prevalence of disease is higher in population A
(D) The prevalence of disease is lower in population A - ANS-C
A short narrative or statement that describes the general focus and purpose of a
program is called:
(A) A mission statement
(B) A long-term program goal
(C) A long-range program plan
(D) A program objective - ANS-A
According to a Stock and Flow diagram, expanded intervention focused on "Tertiary
prevention" is likely to have the following unintended consequence:
(A) "Afflicted with Complications" will increase
, (B) Mortality will be delayed or reduced
(C) "Safer Healthier People" will decrease
(D) "Afflicted without Complications" will increase - ANS-A
According to John Wennberg and colleagues, small area variations in Medicare
expenditures across geographic areas are primarily attributable to differences in:
(A) Physician practice styles
(B) Consumer preferences for high-cost services
(C) Age of the population served
(D) Health status of the population served - ANS-A
According to Mintzberg, "the central purpose of structure [in an organization] is to":
(A) Produce a high-quality product
(B) Allow for the development of strategy based on the organization's mission, vision,
and values
(C) Provide the content for organization charts
(D) Coordinate the work of the organization, which has been divided in a variety of ways
- ANS-D
All intervention messages (printed, computer-delivered, or Internet-based) must:
(A) Start with the most important information first
(B) Include graphics, pictures, and the like to attract people's attention
(C) Be written at a reading level suitable to the target population
(D) Be no longer than four sentences so that the reader does not become bored -
ANS-C
All of the following are responsibilities prescribed for Federal agencies under Executive
Order 12898, except:
(A) Creation of an interagency working group
(B) Development of agency strategies
(C) Federal agency responsibilities for Federal programs
(D) Mandate for the polluters-pay principle - ANS-D
All of the following are valid uses of systems models for constructing and analyzing
explicit models of public health problems except:
(A) Models provide an explicit framework on which disparate stakeholders can compare
their knowledge, assumptions, and beliefs about the system
(B) Use of a model assures us that we will devise and pursue the best possible
interventions for achieving our public health goals
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