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Nutrition for Sports & Exercise Final Exam.
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Nutrition for Sports & Exercise Final ExamWhat amino acids does the body use to synthesized creatine? - ANS-Arginine, glycine,
and methionine
Understand why the creatine phosphate system is both anaerobic and aerobic? -
ANS-The creatine phosphate energy system works under anaerobic conditions to
replenish ATP, however it is used aerobic metabolism post workout during recovery of
CrP.
What foods are dietary sources of creatine? - ANS-Foods that provide creatine: Beef
and Fish
What does creatine phosphate do? - ANS-phosphorylates ADP to make ATP
The breakdown of CrP: is very rapid a one step chemical reaction, catalyzed by the
enzyme Creatine Kinease. If ATP concentrations in a muscle cell drop--> ADP rises-->
increase activity of CK.
the duration is 5-10 seconds
form of activity: very high- intensity exercise
What does anaerobic glycolysis do? - ANS-Process of taking CHO in the body and
putting it through a series of chemical reactions that release enough energy to
phosphorylate ATP. Conversion of glucose to lactate and H in contracting muscle under
anaerobic conditions
What does glycolysis do? - ANS-It breaks down glucose through a specific series of
chemical steps to phosphorylate ADP and form ATP
What do Glycogenolysis do? - ANS-Same process as glycolysis, when the starting point
is glycogen (glucose found in muscle tissue). Starts from the point of G-6-P.
How long does it take for the anaerobic reaction take? - ANS-1-2 minutes
What does Phosphofructokinase do? - ANS-Is the rate limiting enzyme (controls speed
of reactions),
What is the form of activity of anaerobic glycolysis? - ANS-predominant during
high-intensity or repeated exercise, such as: 400m sprint, weightlifting.
, what all does anaerobic glycolysis produce? - ANS-4ATP; Final NET ATP: 2ATP (b/c it
takes 2 ATP to make 4ATP); 2Pyruvate & lactic acid/ lactate
Be able to explain metabolic acidosis? - ANS-The disadvantage of anaerobic glycolysis
is that the increasing acidity produced causes a decline of pH within the muscle cells
during exercise. If this acidosis occurs, the pH can result in the decrease in activity of
key metabolic enzymes and can interfere directly with the process of force production,
resulting in muscle fatigue.
What mechanisms combat with the body (metabolic acidosis)? - ANS-To combat
metabolic acidosis, athletes have used have used bicarbonate as a dietary supplement.
Or you can increase your rest intervals between sets.
What is oxidative phosphorylation? - ANS-supplies ATP continuously through a series of
chemical cycles in the presence of oxygen.
What are the chemical cycles used by Oxidative Phosphorylation? - ANS-Kreb's Cycle
Electrons Transport Chain
What does the Kreb's cycle do?
What is the rate limiting enzyme? - ANS-a series of oxidation-reduction reactions used
to metabolize CHO, fats, and proteins.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)
What is the Electorns Transport Chain?
what is the rate limiting enzyme? - ANS-- a series of electron-passing reactions that
provides energy for ATP formation.
The rate limiting enzyme is cytochrome for ETC is cytochrome oxidase (COX).
What is the preparation for lipolysis?
how many ATP does it yield? - ANS-breaking down of FAT.
Step 1: fats must be "mobilized" from the adipocytes. Lipolysis occurs, breaking the
triglycerides down into the glycerol and 3Fatty Acids(FA).
Step 2: FA are released and bind with albumin into the bloodstream for transportation
throughout the body.
Step 3: FA are transported to mitochondria for aerobic metabolism.
Step 4: FA enters b-oxidation, a process to remove 2-Carbon segments from FA and
convert them to Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA can then enter Kreb's Cycle.
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