NR 507 Advance Patho. Midterm
_____________lab values are normal for hemolytic anemia. - correct answer-MCV
__________is a predominant cause of secondary immune deficiencies worldwide - correct
answer-Malnutrition
WHY
Malnutrition is the predominant cause of secondary immune deficiencies worldwide
1. ________________ ______________are conditions where the immune system
become2.____________ because of somithing else - correct answer-1. Secondary
Immundefienciense
2. Compromise
1.____________ __________________ are2. __________ common and occur due to a
defect of the development of the3. ____________ ____________ - correct answer-1.
Primary Immunodefeciency
2. Less
3. Immune SYSTEM
A deficiency of intrinsic factor will result in_______________ Anemia - correct
answer-Pernicious
A renal disease most often associated with autoimmunity is - correct
answer-Glomerulonephritis.
A transferrin deficiency will most likely result in: - correct answer-Iron-deficiency anemia.
WHY
Transferrin saturation checks how many places on transferrin that can hold iron. Normal
values are 20% to 50%. In severe cases of iron-deficiency anemia, this number may fall
below 10%
A Type II hypersensitivity reaction is____________and usually occurs as a result of happens
that cause an___________ antibody or __________ antibody mediated response - correct
answer-1.tissue-specific
2.IgG antibody or IgM antibody
A Word About Autoimmunity - correct answer-•Autoimmune diseases can be familial.
•Affected family members may not all develop the same disease, but several members may
have different disorders characterized by a variety of hypersensitivity reactions
•These include autoimmune and allergic reactions.
•Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a variety of major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles or non-MHC genes.
Acute Blood Loss Anemia - correct answer-•Trauma victims who are losing blood
,Afterload definition - correct answer-resistance to systolic pressure.(Blood Pressure)
Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of_________hypersensitivity reaction. - correct
answer-Type 4
Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction mediated by
T-cells. When the individual comes in contact with the antigen (e.g. poison ivy), an antigen
complex is formed. On subsequent exposure to the antigen, sensitized T-cells activate the
inflammatory process that causes the allergic contact dermatitis to appear
Alloimmunity - correct answer-•General term used to describe when an individual's immune
system reacts against antigens on the tissues of other members of the same species
Although less common, transferrin deficiencies and mitochondrial defects can lead to iron
deficiency anemia TRUE OR FALSE - correct answer-TRUE
An example of a primary immunodeficiency is: - correct answer-Chronic Granulomatous
Disease.
WHY
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an example of a primary immunodeficiency
An example of a secondary immunodeficiency is - correct answer-Pneumocystis Carinii.
WHY
Pneumocystis Carinii is an example of a secondary immunodeficiency. It is caused by
something external to the immune system; in this case, a yeast-like fungus.
An individual who has received an incorrect blood transfusion will exhibit signs of: - correct
answer-Hemolytic anemia.
Anaphylaxis is a
_________ hypersensitivity reaction - correct answer-Type 1
Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by IgE and mast cells. An individual who is
highly sensitized to the antigen may experience anaphylaxis.
Anemia of chronic disease LAB VALUES - correct answer-TEST
Serum Ferritin Levels- NORMAL to INCREASED
Red Blood Cell Distribution-NORMAL
Serum Iron Levels-NORMAL TO DECREASE
Total Iron Binding Capacity- SLIGHTLY DECREASE
Transferrin Saturation- NORMAL to SLIGHTLY INCREASE
Anemias can also be classified according to the color of the RBCs: - correct
answer-Hypochromic anemia describes RBCs with less hemoglobin than normal. As a
result, the RBCs appear pale in color (MCHC is low).
Hyperchromic anemia describes RBCs with more hemoglobin than normal. As a result, the
RBCs appear a dark hue or red than normal cells (MCHC is high).
Normochromic anemia describes RBCs that have a normal amount of hemoglobin. As a
result, the RBCs appear neither pale nor dark (MCHC is normal).
, Aortic Regurgitation - correct answer-•Shortness of breath that progressively worsens;
•High-pitched early diastolic murmur heart loudest at the left lower sternal border
•Diastolic rumbling sound at the heart's apex and a
•Systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur heard at the left upper sternal border.
•A chest x-ray may show signs of pulmonary edema and cardiomegaly.
Aortic Stenosis - correct answer-•Fainting
•Chest pressure upon exercising.
•Sustained, laterally displaced apical pulse
•Mid-systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur heard loudest at the base and radiating to the
neck.
•S4 gallop present
Aplastic Anemia - correct answer-•Diagnosis is made by blood tests and bone marrow
biopsy.
•AA is suspected if levels of circulating erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets are
diminished:
-a granulocyte count less than 500/µL,
-a platelet count less than 20,000/µL,
-absolute reticulocyte count less than or equal to 40 × 109/L.
Aplastic anemia can be caused by: - correct answer-1. Antibiotics and other drugs- PCN,
Chloramphenicol, Phenytoin, Diuretics, Antidiabetic drugs, Sulfa drugs
2. Chemical or radiation exposure-Side effect of cancer treatment (chemotherapy)
3.Viral induced-Hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus
4. Tumors-Multiple Myeloma
5. Congenital defects-Fanconi's anemia
ASTHMA - correct answer-•Airways are constricted
•Intrinsic: triggered by something internal such as anxiety
•Extrinsic asthma; triggered out something in outside environment-something in the air-dust
mites/pet dander
•In the mildest form of asthma (intermittent), short-acting beta2-agonist inhalers are
prescribed.
•Mild-persistent asthma will have night symptoms 3-4 days a month
autoimmune diseases may occur when the immune system overreacts again self-antigens to
the extent that tissue damage occurs. What causes the damage - correct
answer-autoantibodies and T-cells, and in some cases, B-cells,
B12 or Pernicious Anemia Lab values - correct answer-Lab VALUES
MCV-High
MCHC-NORMAL
Reticulocyte Count=LOW
Ferritin=NORMAL
Folate=Normal to Low
Serum B-12=***LOW**
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