BSC 108 Exam 4 | 100% Correct | Verified |
2024 Version
What is microevolution? - The change in allele frequencies that occurs over time within a population.
What is macroevolution? - Major evolutionary changes over time, the origin of new types of
organisms from previously existing, but differ...
BSC 108 Exam 4 | 100% Correct | Verified |
2024 Version
What is microevolution? - ✔✔The change in allele frequencies that occurs over time within a population.
What is macroevolution? - ✔✔Major evolutionary changes over time, the origin of new types of
organisms from previously existing, but different, ancestral types.
What is a species? - ✔✔A group of populations whose members possess similar anatomical
characteristics and have the ability to interbreed.
What is allopatric speciation? - ✔✔The formation of a new species in populations that are geographically
isolated from one another.
What is sympatric speciation? - ✔✔The formation of a new species in populations that live in the same
geographic area.
What special circumstances are required to keep the gene pools separated in sympatric speciation? -
✔✔1. Segregation of habitat
2. Major alterations in mate recognition or behavior
3. Genetic incompatibility
Know the two models of the Pace of Speciation - ✔✔1. Punctuated pattern: A new species changes most
as it first branches from a parent species. After this speciation episode there is little change for the rest
of the species existence.
2. Gradual Pattern: species that are descended from a common ancestor diverge gradually in form as
they acquire unique adaptations.
What are prezygotic barriers? - ✔✔Prevent mating or fertilization between species
1. Temporal isolation: mating occurs at different seasons or time of day
2. Habitat Isolation: Populations live in different habitats and do not meet.
, 3. Behavioral Isolation: Little or no sexual attraction between populations
5. Gametic Isolation: Female and male gametes fail to unite in fertilization
What are postzygotic barriers? - ✔✔Operate if interspecies mating actually occurs and results in hybrid
zygotes
1. Reduced Hybrid Viability: Hybrid zygotes fail to develop or reach sexual maturity.
2. Reduced Hybrid Fertility: Hybrids fail to produce functional gametes
3. Hybrid Breakdown: Hybrids are feeble or sterile
What is ecology? - ✔✔The scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environment.
What are abiotic factors? - ✔✔Non-living
1. Energy
2. Temperature
3. Water
4. Wind
5. Rocks and Soil
What are biotic factors? - ✔✔Living
What are the 4 Levels of Ecology? - ✔✔1. Organismal Ecology - Is concerned with evolutionary
adaptations that enable individual organisms to meet the challenges posed by their abiotic
environments.
2. Population Ecology - Is concerned with populations, groups of individuals of the same species living in
the same area. Concentrates mainly on factors that affect population density and growth.
3. Community Ecology - Is concerned with communities, assemblages of populations of different species.
Focuses on how interactions between species affect community structure and organization.
4. Ecosystem Ecology - Is concerned with ecosystems, which include all the abiotic factors in addition to
the community of species in a certain area. Focuses on energy flow and the cycling of chemicals among
the various abiotic and biotic factors.
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