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AHA BLS Study Guide Exam/45 Questions & Answers
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AHA BLS Study Guide Exam/45 Questions& Answers
Chain of Survival: Adult - -Emergency Cardiovascular Care
1 - Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency
response system
2 - Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with an emphasis on chest
compressions
3 - Rapid defibrillation
4 - Effective advanced life support
5 - Integrated post-cardiac arrest care
-High-quality CPR - -Start compressions within 10 seconds of recognition of
cardiac arrest.
Push hard, push fast: rate of 100/min with a depth of at least 2 in (5cm) for
adults, approximately 2 in (5cm) for children, and approximately 1.5 in (4cm)
for infants.
Allow complete chest recoil for each compression.
Minimize interruptions in compressions (limit to less than 10s).
Give effective breaths that make the chest rise.
Avoid excessive ventilation.
-Chain of survival: Pediatric - -1 - Prevention of arrest
2 - Early high-quality CPR
3 - Rapid activation of the EMS (or other emergency response) system
4 - Effective advanced life support (including rapid stabilization and transport
to definitive care and rehab)
5 - Integrated post-cardiac arrest care
-2010 AHA Key Changes (sequence) - -Changes in BLS sequence from ABC
(airway, breathing, chest compressions) to CAB (chest compressions, airway,
breathing) for adults, children, and infants.
This is because chest compressions were often delayed while rescuer opened
airway, deliver mouth-to-mouth, retrieve barrier device, or gathered and
assembled ventilation equipment.
CAB makes delivery of compressions sooner and the delay in giving breaths
sooner - deliver first cycle of 30 compressions (approximately 18 seconds or
less); for 2-rescuer infant or child CPR the delay will be even shorter.
-2010 AHA key Changes (Emphasis on High-Quality CPR) - -Compression
rate of at least 100/min (rather than "approximately")
Depth of at least 2 in (5cm) for adults and children, 1.5 in (5cm) for infants.
No longer 1.5 - 2 in for adults and absolute depth for children and infants is
deeper than in previous guidelines.
, Allowing complete chest recoil, minimizing interruptions in compressions,
and avoiding excessive ventilation continue to be important in high-quality
CPR.
Increased focus on a team approach to CPR.
Example: one rescuer activates EMS, second begins compressions, third is
either providing ventilation or getting equip for it, fourth is getting the
defibrillator and preparing to use it.
-2010 AHA Key Changes (No Look, Listen, Feel) - -Step removed because
bystanders often failed to start CPR when they observed agonal gasping.
Activate EMS and check for response and breathing simultaneously. If adult
is unresponsive and not breathing normally (only gasping) and has no pulse,
begin CPR. For infant and child, CPR is performed if the victim is
unresponsive and not breathing only gasping and has no pulse.
For all victims (except newborns) CPR begins with compressions and then
opening airway and giving 2 breaths per cycle.
-Additional Changes - -Use of cricoid pressure in cardiac arrest victims not
recommended - can prevent gastric inflation and reduce risk of regurgitation
and aspiration, but may also block ventilation. Can delay placement of
advanced airway.
Continued de-emphasis of pulse check: difficult to detect absence of pulse
within 10s. If within 10s not able to detect, begin chest compressions.
Use of AED for infants: Manual defibrillator is preferred to AED. If unavailable,
use pediatric dose attenuator, if that isn't available, use AED without
pediatric dose attenuator.
-BLS components - -Chest compressions, Airway, Breathing, Defib
-Initial BLS for Adults - -1 - Check the victim for responsiveness (tap
shoulders and shout "are you ok?" - look for normal or abnormal breathing. If
no/abnormal breathing, call for help.
2 - If you are alone, activate emergency response system and get AED if
available and return to victim.
3 - Check victim's pulse (5, no more than 10s)
4 - If no pulse, perform 5 cycles of compressions and breaths (30:2 ratio),
starting with compressions (CAB sequence).
-Agonal gasps - -Not normal breathing - may be present in the first minutes
of cardiac arrest.
Usually looks like air is being drawn in very quickly, mouth may be open, jaw
and head may move with gasps.
Usually slow rate and may sound like a snort, snore, or groan.
-Step 1: Assessment and scene safety - -1 - Make sure the scene is safe for
you, patient, bystanders
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