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BICH 411 FINAL REVIEW
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BICH 411 FINAL REVIEW
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BICH 411 FINAL REVIEWwhat pathways is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate present in? - ANS-- glycolysis
- gluconeogenesis
- pentose phosphate pathway (non-oxidative phase)
what is the name of the product when glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is oxidized and
phosphorylated? - ANS-1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
what is TRUE of the oxidation and phosphorylation mechanism of GAP? - ANS-- the
reaction is catalyzed by a dehydrogenase
- this enzyme utilizes covalent catalysis
- this mechanism begins with a nucleophilic attack at C1 of the molecule shown above
- this rxn generates an e- carrier via a hydride transfer from the molecule shown above
what happens when the liver takes up sugar from the blood stream under fed state? -
ANS-the liver will show increased uptake of galactose with diminished affinity for
glucose compared to other cell types
the use pf phosphocreatine in the muscles is best described for: - ANS-substrate level
phosphorylation
what is the primary biosynthetic function of FRUCTOSE in the liver when blood sugar
levels are HIGH? - ANS-fat biosynthesis
what is the primary biosynthetic function of GALACTOSE in the liver when blood sugar
levels are HIGH? - ANS-glycogen biosynthesis
what is the primary biosynthetic function of GLUCOSE in the liver when blood sugar
levels are HIGH? - ANS-glycogen biosynthesis
molecules that are produced by catabolism but can be used in anabolism: - ANS-ATP
and NADPH
thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) - ANS-function is to stabilize resonance of a carbanion
to facilitate bond breaking
if lactate recycling is occurring, how many nucleotide triphosphates would have to be
invested to form 100 glucose molecules? - ANS-600
, how many ATP would be yielded from anaerobic metabolism in the muscle if a sucrose
molecule was oxidized to form pyruvate? - ANS-4
positive allosteric effector of PFK? - ANS-AMP
positive allosteric effector of pyruvate carboxylase? - ANS-acetyl CoA
what is the cost of generating NADPH from a single glucose-6-phosphate molecule? -
ANS-1 CO2
concerning levels of e- carriers within the cell: - ANS-- high NAD+/NADH ratio is to allow
for efficient use of glycolysis under low energy conditions
- low NADP+/NADPH ratio is to ensure e- availability for biosynthesis
- NADH serves as the e- supplier for the anabolic pathway gluconeogenesis where an
alpha-keto acid is used to generate an aldose
- NADPH levels are directly related to the flux through the oxidative phase of the
pentose phosphate pathway
the active site lysyl residue is utilized for: - ANS-resonance stabilization of a negative
charge to facilitate bond breaking
glycogen degradation involves: - ANS-- sensing of low energy conditions for allosteric
activation
- use of debrancing enzyme to move glucose residues from each branch point
- conversion of glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate
- activity of phosphoglucomutase
concerning glycogen phosphorylase, what could account for activation of the R-state? -
ANS-- high levels of AMP
- low levels of ATP
- high levels of cAMP
- binding of epinephrine at cell surface
cellular impacts of the binding of glucagon at the surface of a hepatocyte: - ANS--
phosphorylation of glycogen synthase
- activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase
- activation of adenylyl cyclase
- enhanced rates of glycogenolysis
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