FLYINGHIGHER
Biology
117
WVU
exam
2
What
are
the
three
domains
of
life?
-
ANS
Bacteria,
Archaea,
Eukarya
Which
groups
are
more
closely
related
from
an
evolutionary
standpoint?
-
ANS
Archaea
and
Eukarya
What
are
the
three
different
shapes
of
bacterial
cells?
-
ANS
1)
coccus-
spherical
2)
bacillus-
rod
shaped
3)
spirilla-
wavy/
corkscrew
shaped
What
are
the
three
different
ways
in
which
bacteria
arrange
themselves
in
colonies?
-
ANS
1)
diplo-
divide
but
stay
attached
to
each
other
(OO)
2)
strepto-
grow
in
long
chains
(===)
3)
staphlo-
clumps
of
bacteria,
no
real
arrangement
Gram-Positive
vs.
Gram-Negative
-
ANS
1)
gram-positive
has
a
plasma
membrane
with
peptidoglycan
on
top(darker
stain)
2)
gram-negative
is
like
a
sandwich,
has
a
plasma
membrane
with
peptidogylcan
in
between
and
then
an
outer
membrane
on
top(lighter
stain)
both
contain
polysaccharides
on
the
out
most
layer
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FLYINGHIGHER
What
are
the
three
different
ways
in
which
bacteria
"swap"
DNA?
-
ANS
1)
transduction-viruses
help
to
pass
genetic
information
(bacteriaphages)
2)
transformation-DNA
from
environment
is
taken
in
and
used
3)
conjugation-direct
contact
and
DNA
sharing
between
cells
(pili
structures-
tunnel
structures
between
cells)
Autotrophs
vs.
Heterotrophs
-
ANS
Autotrophs-makes
food
on
its
own
(plants-photosynthesis)
Heterotrophs-
obtain
energy
from
the
environment
(humans)
(sunlight{phototrophs},
organic{chemoorganotrophs},
and
inorganic{chemolithotrophs}
molecules
are
taken
in
to
produce
energy)
Are
protists
prokaryote
or
eukaryote?
-
ANS
Eukaryotic
Are
protists
monophyletic
or
paraphyletic?
-
ANS
Paraphyletic
Are
protists
unicellular ,
multicellular ,
or
both?
-
ANS
Both
How
do
we
explain
the
morphological
innovations
of
Protists?
-
ANS
nuclear
membrane
and
endomembrane
organelles
may
have
occurred
due
to
infolding
of
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