Psychology Exam 1 (Chapters 1-4) Correctly Answered!!
Graded A+
Psychology - ️️ -1. Early: acquired the meaning "study of the mind"
2. Current: scientific study of human and animal behavior and mental processes
Wilhem Wundt - ️️ --Founder of Psychology
G. Stanley Hall - ️️ --Brough...
Psychology - ✔️✔️-1. Early: acquired the meaning "study of the mind"
2. Current: scientific study of human and animal behavior and mental processes
Wilhem Wundt - ✔️✔️--Founder of Psychology
G. Stanley Hall - ✔️✔️--Brought Psychology to America
Sigmund Frued - ✔️✔️--Psychoanalytic Theory: attempts to explain personality,
motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior
-Controversy and Frued: his idea of the unconscious suggests people are not in control
of their mind, behavior is influenced by how people cope with sexual urges
John B. Watson - ✔️✔️--Founder of behaviorism
B.F. Skinner - ✔️✔️--Fundamental principle
-Controversy: all behavior is governed by external stimuli
-Free will is an illusion
Psychiatry - ✔️✔️--Branch of medicine concerned with psychological disturbances (can
prescribe medicine)
Two Great Assumptions in Science - ✔️✔️-1. Positivism: "Truth" exists and we can
know it
2. Empiricism: An approach to understanding the world that involves collecting data or
making observations
Hypothesis vs Theory - ✔️✔️-1. Hypothesis: specific prediction about the relationship
between the variables, "educated guess"
, 2. Theory: set of related ideas that help scientists to explain how variables relate
Variable - ✔️✔️--Something that varies and is measurable
Operational Definition - ✔️✔️--The way the variable is being defined for the specific
study
Independent vs Dependent Variable - ✔️✔️-1. IV: manipulated
2. DV: measured
Experiments - ✔️✔️-1. Pros: precise control, cause and effect conclusions
2. Cons: can't be used for some questions, lab setting "artificial"
3. Variables: IV and DV
4. Manipulates a variable
5. Observes changes in variable
6. Controls conditions
Correlational Study - ✔️✔️--Measures two naturally occurring things and see if they
relate
1. Positive: 2 variables vary systematically in same direction
2. Negative: 2 variables vary systematically in opposite directions
Non-Experimental Designs - ✔️✔️-1. Surveys
-Pros: inexpensive, easy to collect data from large samples
-Cons: Social Desirability Bias
2. Naturalistic Observation
3. Participant Observation
4. Correlational Design
5. Case Studies
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