GMS 6474 Final Exam 2024 Questions and Answers Graded A+ | 2024/2025
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Course
GMS 6474
Institution
GMS 6474
GMS 6474 Final Exam 2024 Questions and Answers
Graded A+ | 2024/2025
what does the SR store - - proteins and calcium
what is the role of the transverse tubules in the muscle fiber - - allow inside of muscle to
communicate with the outside of the muscle
how is a sarcomere measured - - from z-di...
GMS 6474 Final Exam 2024 Questions and Answers Graded A+ | 2024/2025 what does the SR store - - proteins and calcium what is the role of the transverse tubules in the muscle fiber - - allow inside of muscle to communicate with the outside of the muscle how is a sarcomere measured - - from z -disc to z -disc what is contained in the I band of the sarcomere & what color is the band - - thin filaments titin z-disc light (isotropic) what is contained in the A band of the sarcomere & what color is the band - - thick filaments thin filaments dark (scatters light) what is contained in the H zone & what color is the band - - thick filaments light no barbs or myosin middle zone of the sarcomere what is contained in the M line - - in the middle of the sarcomere, middle of H zone thick filaments myomesin what does titin do in the sarcomere - - structural protein how many zones can you see when the sarcomere is relaxed - - all zones can be seen in relaxed state how many zones can be seen when the sarcomere is contracted - - sarcomere shortens I band shortens H zone disappears thick and thin filaments overlap DONT shorten what is the contractile unit of skeletal muscle - - the sarcomere what is the main component of the thick filaments - - myosin have heavy and light chains motor heads that move it along the thin filament what is the largest protein in the body - - titin what are the main components of the thin filaments - - actin (where myosin binds) troponin (moves tropomyosin when Ca2+ is present) tropomyosin (covers actin active site) nebulin (sets thin filament length) CapZ (anchors actin to Z -line on z -disc side) Tropomodulin (on end of actin, in middle of sarcomere) alpha -actinin (anchors actin to z -line) what does desmin do in the sarcomere - - interacts with alpha -actinin to anchor z -disc to sarcolemma what does dystrophin do in the sarcomere - - connects sarcomere to sarcolemma stabilizes the sarcolemma to prevent damage during contractions 1st step of cross -bridge cycle - - BINDING activated myosin binds to actin ADP and Pi are still bound to myosin 2nd step of cross bridge cycle - - POWER STROKE myosin head swivels movement of actin filament ADP and Pi released from myosin (Pi is released first, before ADP is released) 3rd step of cross bridge cycle - - DISSOSCIATION ATP binds to myosin Actin and myosin dissociate (cross bridge detaches) 4th step of cross bridge cycle - - ACTIVATION ATP hydrolysis energy activates myosin head ADP and Pi remain bound to myosin if Ca2+ still present, cycle continues how does Ca2+ effect the cross bridge cycle - - Ca2+ is needed for the troponin to move the tropomyosin off the actin when Ca2+ runs out, the cross bridge cycle will stop troponin has 4 Ca2+ binding sites how does Ca2+ get into the cell to trigger the cross bridge cycle - - through the RyR channels, which are activated by the DHPR channel mechanical change IN SKELETAL MUSCLES what are the two roles of ATP in the cross bridge cycle - - release from rigor state re-energize/reactivate myosin heads for next cycle what resequesters Ca2+ to end muscle contraction - - SERCA where is the sarcoplasmic reticulum located - - wrapped around the sarcomeres and throughout the myofibrils what is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells - - stores Ca2+ that is needed for contraction what are the components of the triad in the muscle cell - - sarcoplasmic reticulum t-tubule what is the role of the triad in the muscle cell - - communication center
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