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FLETC Written Exam #1/Q’s and A’s
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FLETC Written Exam #1/Q’s and A’s
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FLETC Written Exam #1/Q’s andA’s
Graham v. Connor (1989) - -Recognized that the right to make an arrest or
investigatory stop necessarily carries with it the right to use some degree of
physical coercion/threat to affect it.
In the course of an arrest or stop is properly analyzed by Fourth
Amendment's 'objective reasonableness' standard
-Graham Factors - -Severity of crime
Whether suspect poses an immediate threat
Whether suspect is actively resisting arrest
Attempting to evade arrest by flight
-Additional factors considered when applying standard of Graham v. Connor
that may govern the reasonableness of using force - -# of suspects/# of
officers
Size, age, condition of officer/suspect
Duration of action
Whether force applied resulted in injury
Previous violent history known to officer at time
Use of alcohol/drugs
Suspect's mental history known to officer at time
Presence of innocent bystanders
Availability of officer weapons
-Range of Reasonableness - -Officer responses range from:
Hesitation---------------Aggressive
-Tennessee v. Garner (1985) - -Supreme Court stated it is not reasonable to
shoot an unarmed non-dangerous fleeing suspect.
-Key Elements of Tennessee v. Garner - -Probable cause
Threat
Officer not obligated to wait until death or serious bodily harm is occurring
If based on totality of circumstance and the officer perceives a threat of such
action, a reasonable force option may be used
-Pre-Assault Indicators - -Verbal aggression
Change in posture
Face becomes red, showing teeth, breathing faster
Individual ignores you or stares through you
,Aggression
Hands tighten
Individual becomes rigid
Chin tucked
-Common Restrictions in Agency Use of Force Policy - -Use of warning shots
Use of maximum force
Moving vehicles
Exhausting lesser means of force first
-Physiological Changes triggered when faced with a threat - -Pounding heart
Muscle tension
Rapid, shallow breathing
Nausea
Dizziness
Dry mouth
Diminished sound
Tunnel vision
Slow motion time
Memory loss
Memory distortion
-Tunnel Vision - -Loss of peripheral vision
-Heightened Visual Clarity - -Clear picture of details you ordinarily might not
notice/remember
-Hearing Distortions - -Total loss of hearing, to muffled or distant
-Time Distortion - -Things seem to speed up or slow down
-Cognitive/Behavioral Changes triggered when faced with a threat - -
Automatic Behavior
Memory Gaps
Intrusive Thoughts
-Methods of overcoming hesitation in use of force - -Mental preparation
Proper Training
Belief in mission
Personal Appearance
Physical Fitness
Understanding the law
Reality Based Training
Continuous Positive Visualization
Understanding of agency policy
Commitment to family/friends
, Will to win
-Fundamentals of Documenting Use of Force Incident - -Officer Safety
Objective, not subjective
Training and Experience
Matched Description
Basis for Seizure
-Terry Stop - -Reasonable suspicion sufficient for investigation stop or
detention; no warrant needed
-Two Main Parts of the Mind - -The conscious and the subconscious
-The Conscious Mind - -Rational, analytical part of the mind. Home to will
power and short-term memory
-The Subconscious Mind - -The real boss, communicates through feelings
and emotions
-Mistaken Assumptions of Perception - -Everyone sees what really occurs
Everyone sees everything that occurs
Everyone processes information the same way
Everyone remembers exactly what occurred during an incident
Memories stay the same, maintain accuracy, and remain consistent over
time
People can replay experiences with accuracy and detail
-Arousal - -Defined by physiology
-Anxiety - -Defined by terms of emotional or cognitive impact of arousal
-Situational Awareness - -A person's perception of the elements in the
environment within a volume of time and space, the comprehension of their
meaning, and the projection of their status in the near future
-Effective Situational Awareness - -Perception of changing elements during
dynamic events and correctly reacting in a timely manner
-Global Attention - -Not focused on one specific thing
-Selective Attention - -Focus on one specific thing
-Inattentional Blindness - -Inattention to cues during dynamic events results
in failure to accurately interpret patterns and implications of the behavior
leading to ineffective decisions and poor performance
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