2. Define pinch off Voltage.
3. Why is FET Voltage controlled and BJT current Controlled?
4. What are the difference between BJT and FET?
5. State Slew rate with equation.
6. Define CMRR
7. List out the ideal characteristics of OP-AMP.
...
,Voltage Regulator
• One of the most widely used electronic circuitry in any device.
• A regulated voltage (without fluctuations & noise levels) is very
important for the smooth functioning of many digital electronic devices.
• Function – to provide a stable dc voltage for powering other electronic
circuits.
• Capable of producing substantial output current.
,Classification
• Series Regulator – Uses a power transistor connected in series b/w the unregulated dc input and load.
– Output voltage – controlled by continuous voltage drop taking place across the series pass transistor
– Transistor conducts in linear or active region, called as Linear Regulators.
– Linear Regulators – Fixed or variable output voltage (Positive or negative).
• Switching Regulator – Operate the power transistor as a high frequency ON/OFF Switch, doesn’t conduct cu
– Gives improved efficiency over series regulator.
, Series Op-Amp Regulator
• An electronic circuit provides a stable dc voltage independent of the load current, temperature and ac
variations.
• Four Parts: Reference Voltage Circuit, Error Amplifier, Series Pass Transistor, Feedback Network
• Power transistor Q1 in series with unregulated dc voltage Vin and output voltage Vo.
• It absorbs the difference between the two voltages whenever any fluctuation in output voltage Vo occurs.
• Q1 connected as emitter follower – Provides sufficient current gain to drive the load.
• Output voltage – Sampled by R1 – R2 divider network, fed back to (-Ve) terminal of error amplifier.
• Sampled voltage compared with Ref. voltage (Zener Voltage).
• When output voltage increases Vo ↑, then sampled v
βVo = Vo (R2/R1+R2) ↑, which causes amplifier o
reduces IB, which reduces the IE. Hence the out
reduced.
• In other words, Vo’ is applied to base of Q1, which
follower. So, Vo follows Vo’, that is Vo’ reduces, Vo al
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