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Part 2 APUSH Study Guide.
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Part 2 APUSH Study Guide54 40 line - ANS-The British claimed land as far south as the present state of Oregon,
while the Americans claimed land extending well into what is now Canada. Tensions
over the Oregon border at times rose to the point that many Americans were demanding
war, some using the slogan "54-40 or fight," referring to the latitude of the northernmost
point of the American claim.
Cohens v. Virginia - ANS-Case that reinforced federal supremacy by establishing the
right of the Supreme Court to review decisions of state supreme courts in questions
involving the powers of the federal government.
Sectionalism - ANS-Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation
as a whole
Hamiltonian Politics - ANS-Strong Central Government
The root of Hamilton Federalism was a strong central government. To him, the
Constitution was a charter binding the states to create a stable union. This stability
depended, in this perspective, on the national government possessing more power than
the individual states. His first plan was to create a national debt, largely by assuming the
debt of the states. Doing so would provide the national government with a strong credit
record, he believed. He also wanted to charter a Bank of the United States to make
loans to manufacturers and other commercial enterprises.
Manufacturing Empire
Hamilton and the Federalists wanted the young nation to become a manufacturing
empire to sustain economic growth. Hamilton called for tariffs, or taxes placed on
foreign goods to raise the price, to encourage manufacturing and make American
produced goods more affordable. This British model of economic growth rankled
Jefferson who saw the potential for America becoming a nation of urban dwellers.
Yeoman Farmers
Henry Clay - ANS-Distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times
until his death in 1852. He was a strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk
for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as "The
Great Compromiser." Outlined the Compromise of 1850 with five main points. Died
before it was passed however.
, Zebulon Pike - ANS-American soldier and explorer whom Pikes Peak in Colorada is
named. His Pike expedition often compared to the lewis and Clark expedition, mapped
much of the southern portion of the Louisianna Purchase
Andrew Johnson - ANS-17th President of the United States, A Southerner form
Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical
Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to
be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. He was a very weak
president.
Carpetbaggers - ANS-A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil
War; especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the
disorganized situation in southern states
War or 1812 - ANS-a war between the U.S and Britain over control of North America.
U.S. wins. Significance—makes the U.S. a legitimate international power
Tea Act - ANS-1773 act which eliminated import tariffs on tea entering England and
allowed the British East India Company to sell directly to consumers rather than through
merchants. Led to the Boston Tea Party.
Shay's Rebellion - ANS-Rebellion led by Daniel Shays of farmers in western
Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need
for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went
out.
Mercantilism - ANS-An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their
wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more
goods than they bought
Popular Sovereignty - ANS-A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.
Charles Sumner - ANS-A leader of the Radical republicans along with Thaddeus
Stevens. He was from Massachusetts and was in the senate. His two main goals were
breaking the power of wealthy planters and ensuring that freedmen could vote
Aroostook War - ANS-Series of clashes between American and Canadian lumberjacks
in the disputed territory of northern Maine, resolved when a permanent boundary was
agreed upon in 1842.
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