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BMSC 210 Midterm 1 | 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version
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BMSC 210 Midterm 1 | 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version
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BMSC 210 Midterm 1 | 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version What are some properties of all cells? - ✔✔Growth, metabolism, and evolution What are properties of some cells? - ✔✔differentiation, communication, genetic exchange, motility What domain of life do marcroorganisms belong to? - ✔✔Eukarya How did the diversity of life arise? - ✔✔Through evolution Which encoding gene was/is slow to evolve? - ✔✔The gene encoding the small ribosomal subunit in both eukarya (18S) and Bacteria/Archaea (16S) Which domain is archaea most closely related to? - ✔✔Eukarya How is the phylogenetic tree created? - ✔✔By analyzing DNA sequences from each organism Which two domains of life are prokaryotic? - ✔✔Bacteria and Archaea What were the ancestors of multicellular organisms? - ✔✔Eukaryotic microorganisms What were the first two domains that diverged from LUCA? - ✔✔Bacteria and Archaea What did Archaea diverge into? - ✔✔Eukarya and Archaea What did Robert Hooke do and when? - ✔✔Wrote the first book devoted to microscopic observations in 1665 What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek do and when? - ✔✔He was the first to see bacteria in 1676 What did Ferdinand Cohn do and when? - ✔✔He was the first to see bacterial endospores, around the 1850s What did Louis Pasteur do and when? - ✔✔Disproved spontaneous generation theory in 1864 -also developed vaccines for rabies, anthrax, and chicken cholera, around 1885 What did Pasteur use to disprove spontaneous generation theory? - ✔✔A swan shaped flask What is number one of Koch's postulates? - ✔✔The suspected pathogen must be present in everything with the disease and absent from healthy animals What is number two of Koch's postulates? - ✔✔The suspected pathogen must be grown in a pure culture What is number three of Koch's postulates? - ✔✔The pure culture from the suspected pathogen must cause disease in a healthy animal What is number four of Koch's postulates? - ✔✔The suspected pathogen must be reisolated and shown to be the same as the original What is one of the effects of studying microbes? - ✔✔Deaths from infectious diseases have drastically decreased What does staining a microscope slide do? - ✔✔Improves contrast between features What is the power of light microscopy limited by? - ✔✔Resolution What is resolution? - ✔✔The ability to distinguish between two adjacent objects What is resolution determined by? - ✔✔The wavelength of light used (inversely proportional) and the numerical aperture of the lens What does shorter wavelength equal? - ✔✔Better resolution What is the limit of resolution of light microscopy? - ✔✔0.2 micrometers What does a compound microscope use to illuminate cells? - ✔✔Visible light How are specimens visualized in bright field microcopy? - ✔✔Because of differences in contrast (density) between specimen and surroundings What two sets of lenses form the image? - ✔✔The objective and ocular lens How does phase contrast microscopy improve contrast? - ✔✔By amplifying differences between the refractive index of the cell and the surroundings What doesn't phase contrast microscopy require? - ✔✔A stain, allowing visualization of live samples What is the image of phase contrast microscopy? - ✔✔Dark cells on a light background Where does the light reach the specimen from in dark field microscopy? - ✔✔It reaches the specimen from the sides and then is scattered What is the image of in dark field microscopy? - ✔✔Light cells on a dark background What is dark field microscopy good for observing? - ✔✔Motility (movement)tThe benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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