revised
Test
Bank
Advanced
Health
Assessment
&
Clinical
Diagnosis
in
Primary
Care
7th
Edition
Dains revised revised
Advanced
Health
Assessment
&
Clinical
Diagnosis
in
Primary
Care
7th
Edition Dains
Test
Bank
Chapter
1:
Clinical
reasoning,
differential
diagnosis,
evidence-based
practice,
and
symptom
ana
Multiple
Choice Identify
the
choice
that
best
completes
the
statement
or
answers
the
question.
1.
Which
type
of
clinical
decision-making
is
most
reliable? A.
Intuitive
B.
Analytical
C.
Experiential
D.
Augenblick
2.
Which
of
the
following
is
false
?
To
obtain
adequate
history,
health-care
providers
must
be: A.
Methodical
and
systematic
B.
Attentive
to
the
patient’s
verbal
and
nonverbal
language
C.
Able
to
accurately
interpret
the
patient’s
responses
D.
Adept
at
reading
into
the
patient’s
statements
3.
Essential
parts
of
a
health
history
include
all
of
the
following
except
: A.
Chief
complaint
B.
History
of
the
present
illness
C.
Current
vital
signs
D.
All
of
the
above
are
essential
history
components
4.
Which
of
the
following
is
false
?
While
performing
the
physical
examination,
the
examiner
must
be
able
to: A.
Differentiate
between
normal
and
abnormal
findings
B.
Recall
knowledge
of
a
range
of
conditions
and
their
associated
signs
and
symptoms
C.
Recognize
how
certain
conditions
affect
the
response
to
other
conditions
D.
Foresee
unpredictable
findings
5.
The
following
is
the
leas
t
reliable
source
of
information
for
diagnostic
statistics: A.
Evidence-based
investigations
B.
Primary
reports
of
research
C.
Estimation
based
on
a
provider’s
experience
D.
Published
meta-analyses
6.
The
following
can
be
used
to
assist
in
sound
clinical
decision-making: A.
Algorithm
published
in
a
peer-reviewed
journal
article
B.
Clinical
practice
guidelines
C.
Evidence-based
research
D.
All
of
the
above
7.
If
a
diagnostic
study
has
high
sensitivity,
this
indicates
a: A.
High
percentage
of
persons
with
the
given
condition
will
have
an
abnormal
result
B.
Low
percentage
of
persons
with
the
given
condition
will
have
an
abnormal
result
C.
Low
likelihood
of
normal
result
in
persons
without
a
given
condition
D.
None
of
the
above
8.
If
a
diagnostic
study
has
high
specificity,
this
indicates
a: A.
Low
percentage
of
healthy
individuals
will
show
a
normal
result
B.
High
percentage
of
healthy
individuals
will
show
a
normal
result
C.
High
percentage
of
individuals
with
a
disorder
will
show
a
normal
result
D.
Low
percentage
of
individuals
with
a
disorder
will
show
an
abnormal
result
9.
A
likelihood
ratio
above
1
indicates
that
a
diagnostic
test
showing
a: A.
Positive
result
is
strongly
associated
with
the
disease
B.
Negative
result
is
strongly
associated
with
absence
of
the
disease
C.
Positive
result
is
weakly
associated
with
the
disease
D.
Negative
result
is
weakly
associated
with
absence
of
the
disease
10.
Which
of
the
following
clinical
reasoning
tools
is
defined
as
evidence-based
resource
based
on
mathematical
modeling to
express
the
likelihood
of
a
condition
in
select
situations,
settings,
and/or
patients? revised
A.
Clinical
practice
guideline
B.
Clinical
decision
rule
C.
Clinical
algorithm
Chapter
1:
Clinical
reasoning,
differential
diagnosis,
evidence-based
practice,
and
symptom
ana
Answer
Section
MUL TIPLE
CHOICE
1.
ANS:
B Croskerry
(2009)
describes
two
major
types
of
clinical
diagnostic
decision-making:
intuitive
and
analytical.
Intuitive
decision- making
(similar
to
Augenblink
decision-making)
is
based
on
the
experience
and
intuition
of
the
clinician
and
is
less
reliable
and paired
with
fairly
common
errors.
In
contrast,
analytical
decision-making
is
based
on
careful
consideration
and
has
greater reliability
with
rare
errors.
PTS:
1
2.
ANS:
D To
obtain
adequate
history,
providers
must
be
well
organized,
attentive
to
the
patient’s
verbal
and
nonverbal
language,
and
able to
accurately
interpret
the
patient’s
responses
to
questions.
Rather
than
reading
into
the
patient’s
statements,
they
clarify
any areas
of
uncertainty .
PTS:
1
3.
ANS:
C Vital
signs
are
part
of
the
physical
examination
portion
of
patient
assessment,
not
part
of
the
health
history.
PTS:
1
4.
ANS:
D While
performing
the
physical
examination,
the
examiner
must
be
able
to
differentiate
between
normal
and
abnormal
findings, recall
knowledge
of
a
range
of
conditions,
including
their
associated
signs
and
symptoms,
recognize
how
certain
conditions
affect the
response
to
other
conditions,
and
distinguish
the
relevance
of
varied
abnormal
findings.
PTS:
1
5.
ANS:
C Sources
for
diagnostic
statistics
include
textbooks,
primary
reports
of
research,
and
published
meta-analyses.
Another
source
of statistics,
the
one
that
has
been
most
widely
used
and
available
for
application
to
the
reasoning
process,
is
the
estimation
based on
a
provider’s
experience,
although
these
are
rarely
accurate.
Over
the
past
decade,
the
availability
of
evidence
on
which
to base
clinical
reasoning
is
improving,
and
there
is
an
increasing
expectation
that
clinical
reasoning
be
based
on
scientific evidence.
Evidence-based
statistics
are
also
increasingly
being
used
to
develop
resources
to
facilitate
clinical
decision-making.
PTS:
1
6.
ANS:
D To
assist
in
clinical
decision-making,
a
number
of
evidence-based
resources
have
been
developed
to
assist
the
clinician. Resources,
such
as
algorithms
and
clinical
practice
guidelines,
assist
in
clinical
reasoning
when
properly
applied.
PTS:
1
7.
ANS:
A The
sensitivity
of
a
diagnostic
study
is
the
percentage
of
individuals
with
the
target
condition
who
show
an
abnormal,
or
positive, result.
A
high
sensitivity
indicates
that
a
greater
percentage
of
persons
with
the
given
condition
will
have
an
abnormal
result.
PTS:
1
8.
ANS:
B The
specificity
of
a
diagnostic
study
is
the
percentage
of
normal,
healthy
individuals
who
have
a
normal
result.
The
greater the
specificity,
the
greater
the
percentage
of
individuals
who
will
have
negative,
or
normal,
results
if
they
do
not
have
the target
condition.
PTS:
1
9.
ANS:
A The
likelihood
ratio
is
the
probability
that
a
positive
test
result
will
be
associated
with
a
person
who
has
the
target
condition
and
a negative
result
will
be
associated
with
a
healthy
person.
A
likelihood
ratio
above
1
indicates
that
a
positive
result
is
associated with
the
disease;
a
likelihood
ratio
less
than
1
indicates
that
a
negative
result
is
associated
with
an
absence
of
the
disease.
