SPCE 630 Final Exam Questions and answers latest update
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Course
SPCE 630
Institution
SPCE 630
SPCE 630 Final Exam Questions and answers latest update
applied research
scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
independent variable
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
dependent variable
The outcome factor; the vari...
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SPCE 630 Final Exam Questions and answers
latest update
applied research
scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
independent variable
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
dependent variable
The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent
variable.
internal validity
the degree to which changes in the dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the
independent variable
experimental control
Two meanings: (a) the outcome of an experiment that demonstrates convincingly a functional
relations, meaning that experimental control is achieved when a predictable change in behavior (the
dependent variable can be reliably produced by manipulating a specific aspect of the environment
(the independent variable); and (b) the extent to which a researcher maintains precise control of the
independent variable by presenting it, with drawing it, and/or varying its value, and also by
eliminating or holding constant all confounding and extraneous variables.
Functional Relation
The change in the DV (behavior) is causally (functionally) related to the implementation of the IV
evidence-based practice
intervention procedures that have been scientifically verified as being effective for changing a specific
behavior of interest, under given conditions, and for particular participants
Reliability
the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two
halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting
threats to internal validity
variables other than the planned independent variable that could result in changes in the dependent
variable: history, maturation, testing, instrumentation, procedural infidelity, selection bias, multiple-
treatment interference, data instability, cyclical variability, regression to the mean, adaptation, &
Hawthorne Effect
Nomothetic
Concepts or rules that can be applied universally.
Idiographic
An approach to studying personality that focuses on individual case studies.
, Validity
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
Baseline Logic
a term sometimes used to refer to the experimental reasoning inherent in single subject experimental
designs; entails three elements: prediction, verification, and replication.
History
events that occur while a study is being conducted and that are not a part of the experimental
manipulation or treatment
Maturation
changes in behavior due to the passage of time
Testing
a threat in any study that requires participants to respond to the same test repeatedly, especially
during a baseline or probe condition; it is the likelihood that the repeated assessment task will result
in participant behavior change
Instrumentation
a threat to internal validity when there are inconsistencies in data collection
Procedural Infidelity
the lack of adherence to condition protocols by study implementers
attrition
the loss of participants during a study
Attrition bias
the likelihood that participant loss (attrition) impacts the outcome of the study
sampling bias
exists when a sample is not representative of the population from which it was drawn
multiple treatment interference
can occur when a study participant's behavior is influenced by more than one planned "treatments"
or interventions during the course of a study
instability
refers to the amount of variability in the data
Cyclical Variability
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