Summary Paper 3 (HL) - Human Development and Diversity NEW SPEC
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Paper 3 - Human Development and Diversity
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IB Geography Course Book
These IB HL Geography Notes cover all aspects of the syllabus for the Unit 3 topic Human Development and Diversity. They are typed, organised, include diagrams and graphs, and are for the new specification, first examinations in 2019.
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Human Development and Diversity
PART 1
The multidimensional process of human development and ways to measure it:
UN Sustainable Development Goals criteria
Goal 1: end extreme poverty by 2030.
o Poverty is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa, where over 40% of the population lived
on less than $1.90 a day in 2015.
o In 2015: around 10% of the world's population lived on less than $1.90 a day,
compared with 28% in 2000
Goal 2: end hunger and malnutrition by 2030, and seeks to achieve sustainable food
production by 2030.
o Proportion of the world's population experiencing hunger fell by 4% between 2000
and 2015
o More than 800 million people who lack access to sufficient food
o Over 1/2 the adult population in sub-Saharan Africa experiences food insecurity
Goal 3: improving reproductive, maternal and child health, reducing epidemics of infectious
diseases, lowering the incidence of degenerative diseases, and improving access to healthcare
for all
o Incidence of HIV, malaria and TB declined between 2000 and 2015
o 2 million new HIV infections in 2015 and 200 million cases of malaria
o Sub-Saharan Africa accounted for nearly 90% of malaria cases in 2015
Goal 4: improve education and training.
o 2013: around 60 million primary school children did not attend school
o Most of these come from the poorest households: children from the poorest 20% of
households are four times more likely to miss school compared with children from richer
households
Goal 5: empower women and girls to achieve their full potential
o Women spend about twice as much time on unpaid labour compared with men
Goal 6: ensure the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation
o 2015: more than 660 million people were using unimproved sources of surface
water
o Water stress affects over 2 billion people around the world
Goal 7: promote access to affordable and clean energy
o Proportion of people with access to electricity increased from 79% in 2000 to 85% in
2012
o More than 1 billion people without access to electricity in 2012
Goal 8: promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive
employment, and decent work for all. Attempts to eradicate forced labour, human trafficking
and child labour
o Western Asia and North Africa: women are twice as likely as men to be unemployed
Goal 9: promote infrastructure development, sustainable industrialisation and innovation.
o 89% of urban areas had 3G mobile broadband coverage in 2015, only 29% of rural
areas had
Goal 10: reduce inequalities within and between countries. Includes inequalities in wealth,
gender, age, race, class, ethnicity, religion and opportunity
o 2015: in 60% of countries, the per capita income of the poorest 54% of households
increased faster than the national average
Goal 11: make settlements more sustainable and to promote community cohesion, personal
security, innovation and employment
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