Cambridge A Levels A2 Physics Chapter 13 Gravitational Fields
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Course
Cambridge A Levels A2 Physics
Institution
Chapter 22 Gravitational Fields: 24 pages
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Th...
Field: a region of space in which an object experiences a force
Gravitational Field
A region of space in which a mass experiences a force.
Newton’s Law of Gravitation
The gravitational force between two-point masses is directly proportional to the product
of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their separation.
2-point masses: • •
The law still holds when the size
of the masses (diameter) is
small compared to their
separation (r).
𝐹 ∝ 𝑚1 𝑚2
𝑚1 𝑚2
1 𝐹∝
𝐹∝ 2 𝑟2
𝑟
𝑮𝒎𝟏 𝒎𝟐
𝑭=
𝒓𝟐
Universal Gravitational Constant, G = 6.6710-11 Nm2kg-2
,Gravitational Field Strength
Gravitational Field Strength (at a point in a gravitational field)
Force per unit mass at a given point gravitational field.
(vector quantity)
𝑭
𝒈= Unit: N kg-1
𝒎
𝑔 = gravitational field strength (Nkg-1)
𝐹 = gravitational force (N)
𝑚 = mass of test mass in a gravitational field generated by a source mass (kg)
Representing Gravitational Fields
Radial Gravitational Field Uniform Gravitation Field
(Non-uniform field)
Arrows of the field lines: the direction of the gravitational force on a mass placed in the field.
Spacing of the field lines: indicates the gravitational field strength, spacing, strength.
, Gravitational Field Strength in a Radial Gravitational Field
𝐺𝑀𝑚
Force acting on test mass, 𝐹 = 𝑟2
𝐹
Force per unit mass (gravitational field strength) at location of test mass, 𝑔 = 𝑚
𝐺𝑀𝑚
2
𝑔= 𝑟
𝑚
𝐺𝑀
𝑔=
𝑟2
Gravitational Field Strength (In a radial gravitational field),
𝑮𝑴 Source mass
𝒈=
𝒓𝟐
𝐹
𝑔=
𝑚 Test mass
Graph of Radial Gravitational Field Strength
𝑔∝𝑟 1
𝑔∝
𝑟2 r0 → g0
1
2ro → 4g0
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