BIOD 121 MODULE 4 EXAM WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Course
BIOD 121 MODULE 4
Institution
BIOD 121 MODULE 4
BIOD 121 MODULE 4 EXAM WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Rickets: - result of low vitamin D2 in children and results in soft bones and bowed
legs
Osteomalcia - inadequate calcium absorption and deposition in the bones leads
Osteoporosis - occurs as bone mass decreases and bones thin and bec...
BIOD 121 MODULE 4 EXAM WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Rickets: - result of low vitamin D2 in children and results in soft bones and bowed legs Osteomalcia - inadequate calcium absorption and deposition in the bones leads Osteoporosis - occurs as bone mass decreases and bones thin and become porous Experts recommend that adults take ____________ IUs of vitamin D daily. - 1000 Vitamin E: - main function is as an antioxidant, protecting cell membranes from free radicals. Tocopherol is the chemical name for - vitamin E Free radicals - can alter a cell's DNA, damage cell membranes, and increase the risk for cancer (for this reason vitamin E is the most widely used supplement) Forms of Vitamin E - Alpha and Gamma Functions of vitamin E - antioxidant, anti -aging, immune function, heat health Deficiencies of vitamin E: - rarely occur, but may result in Hemolysis (break down of red blood cells) Sources of vitamin E - most biologically active, plants Vitamins - organic compounds that the body needs in small amounts, almost exclusively obtained through the diet. Function of vitamines? - help regulate and support a variety of processes related to digestion, absorption, metabolism, and body regulation s. Yield no energy: - vitamines Vitamins are important for: - growth and maintenance of our bodies How many essential vitamins are there? - 13 known Essential Vitamins: - found in both plant and animal sources, and the majority cannot be synthesized by the human body. Exceptions to vitamins that do not have to be consumed by in the diet: - Vitamin K and biotin (produced from gut flora in the GI tract), and vitamin D which is synthesized in the skin through sunlight Two vitamins can be produced through precursors: - Vitamin A can be produced after we consume food containing beta carotene, and niacin can be produced when we consume foods containing the amino acid tryptophan. Organic compounds must meet 2 criteria in order to be considered a vitamin: - 1) enough of the compound must be consumed in the diet to maintain health 2) symptoms of deficiency occur in the absence of the compound, resulting in declining health, but is restored when the deficiency is corrected. Why do we fortify and enrich our food s? - During manufacturing of food, some nutrients are lost. Enrichment: - the process of taking nutrients that were lost in the milling or processing of the food and adding them back to the final product Fortification - process of supplementing a product with additional vitamins that would not normally be in that product (i.e. putting vitamin D in orange juice or adding vitamins to cereal) Vitamins can be classified as: - fat soluble or water soluble Fat-soluble vitamins: - dependent on dietary fat for absorption. Once absorbed they are stored in adipose tissue and liver. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are: - fat soluble Since fat -soluble vitamins are not easily excreted from the body, excess consumption ov er time could lead to: - toxic levels in the body Two forms of Vitamin A: - Preformed (Retinol, Retinal) and Provitamin (carotenoids) Functions of Preformed vitamin A - vision, immunity, growth development, disease prevention Functions of Provitamin A - precursors, antioxidants Deficiencies of Preformed Vitamin A - night blindness, Xeropthalmia Xeropthalmia: - occurs when mucus isn't developing and blindness sets in
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