GCSE AQA Geography Paper 1 Physical Landscapes Revision notes
20 views 0 purchase
Course
Geography
Institution
GCSE
A detailed summary of all the key processes named on the AQA specification for all the coastal and river processes as well as case study information for potential 6 markers. Written by a grade 9 student.
The Tees-Exe line divides upland Britain in the N & W from lowland
Britain in the S & E.
Igneous rocks are cooled molten magma.
Sedimentary rocks are eroded material compressed in layers.
Metamorphic rocks are I or S rocks changed by heat or pressure.
Sandstone forms in hot desert climates, whilst coal forms in tropical
swamps.
Igneous rocks form in areas of active volcanoes: they are cooled,
solidified lava.
Igneous and metamorphic rocks are more resistant to erosion and
weathering.
Sedimentary rocks are less resistant to erosion and weathering,
although the degree of resistance varies from rock to rock.
3.1.3.2: Coastal landscapes in the UK
Erosional Processes
Hydraulic action: The pressure of the water being thrown against the cliffs by the wave. It includes the
compression of air in cracks, which can cause the pieces of rock to break off.
Abrasion: Sand and pebbles carried within the waves are thrown against the cliff face with considerable force.
Corrosion: This is a type of chemical reaction between certain rock types and the acids in the seawater.
Attrition: This process involves the wearing away of rocks that are in the sea.
Weathering processes
Chemical weathering is caused by rainwater that contains weak acids that can react with certain rock types.
Biological weathering is the action of plants and animals on the land.
Physical weathering: Caused by temperature and precipitation. Freeze-thaw weathering is when water gets into
cracks in the rocks.
Mass movement processes
Rockfall occurs from steep rocky cliffs when the cliffs are undercut by marine erosion at their base; this is when
material moves down a slope due to the pull of gravity.
Soil creep is the slowest downhill movement of soil. Gravity will pull the water that is contained in the soil
down a slope.
Slumping, also known as rotational slipping, involves a large area of land moving down a slope in a landslide.
, Transportation Processes
Traction: Larger pebbles and cobbles are rolled along the sea bed.
Saltation: Smaller pebbles are moved when one pebble hits another, causing it to bounce. This bouncing can set
up a chain reaction
Suspension: Very fine sediment, sand, silt and clay, is carried as a suspension in the water, making it look
murky or muddy
Solution: Dissolved material from corrosion is carried in a solution, so it cannot be seen.
Longshore drift: Waves approach the coast at an angle because of the direction of the prevailing wind. The
swash will carry the material towards the beach at an angle. The backwash then flows back to the sea, down the
slope of the beach. The process repeats itself along the coast in the zigzag movement.
Sediment Deposition
Deposition happens during the BACKWASH (as the wave travels back down the beach towards the sea). The
largest material is deposited first at the top of the beach and the deposition is then graded by size from this point
towards the sea: graded deposition.
Net movement Onto/ up the beach Off/ down the beach
Breaking point Early on the beach due to Further inland on the beach due to
shallower coastline deeper coastline
Feature formed Berms Storm beach
Season most common Summer Winter
Coastline types:
A concordant coastline has the same type of rock along its length. The alternating bands of soft and hard rock
run parallel to the coastline.
A discordant coastline is where the rock type alternate between the bands of soft and hard rock which are
perpendicular to the coast.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller GCSEnotessupplier. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.79. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
