Test Bank for Corrections in America, 16th Edition by Harry E. Allen
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Criminal justice
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Criminal Justice
Test Bank for Corrections in America: An Introduction, 16th edition 16e by Harry E. Allen, Edward J. Latessa, Shelley L. Johnson. Full Chapters test bank are included with answers - Chapter 1 to 19 (Complete)
PART 1: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
Early History (2000 B.C. to A.D. 1800)
Prisons (1800 ...
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Chapter 01 16e
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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Which of these is true regarding the role that the period of Enlightenment had on correctional 1)
philosophy?
A) Philosophers began to develop limits to the still dominant punitive role of corrections
B) It brought major changes to correctional philosophy
C) Enlightenment leaders argued for human rights, humane and measured treatment, and
alternatives to punishment as important roles for corrections
D) All of these
2) Currently, the role of corrections is to: 2)
A) rehabilitate
B) ensure public safety
C) prepare people for return back into society
D) all of these
3) The practice of retaliation usually begins to develop into a system of criminal law when it 3)
becomes customary for the victim of the wrongdoing to:
A) accept money or property in place of blood vengeance
B) take revenge on the person who wronged them
C) start a vendetta against the wrongdoer's family
D) report the crime to the proper authorities
4) Criminal law, even primitive criminal law, requires an element of ________ action against the 4)
wrongdoer.
A) public B) aggressive C) retaliatory D) fair
5) Lex talionis is more commonly known as: 5)
A) the death penalty
B) penal servitude
C) "an eye for an eye and tooth for a tooth"
D) the "mark of the slave"
6) The first society to allow any of its citizens to prosecute a person in the name of the injured party 6)
were:
A) Romans B) Babylonians C) Sumerians D) Greeks
7) What was the main contribution of the medieval church to the study of corrections? 7)
A) Everyone should receive the same punishment, regardless of social standing.
B) Individuals have free will and can be held accountable for their actions.
C) Punishment is necessary to establish guilt or innocence.
D) Torture and brutal treatment are necessary methods of questioning.
8) Which of these is NOT an example of corporal punishment? 8)
A) Mutilation B) Torture C) Imprisonment D) Branding
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, 9) Which of these punishments were used to subject the person to public humiliation? 9)
A) Branding B) Stocks
C) Mutilation D) Drawing and quartering
10) Laws that are enacted by humans are known as: 10)
A) lex talionis B) lex humana C) lex eternal D) lex naturalis
11) What theory advocated by Sir Thomas More was not considered acceptable at the time but has 11)
become the foundation for modern theories of penology and criminology?
A) Social revenge is an appropriate justification for punishing an offender.
B) Punishment is a way for offenders to repay society and atone for their transgressions
against God.
C) Public punishment can deter potential offenders.
D) Punishment cannot prevent crime.
12) What was the purpose of the Bridewells constructed in England in the 1500s? 12)
A) They were workhouses created to provide employment and housing for London's
"riffraff."
B) They were asylums sponsored by the Christian church to place wrongdoers in seclusion.
C) They were prisons designed to incarcerate individuals convicted of serious felony
offenses.
D) They were early cellular prisons designed for incorrigible juveniles.
13) Jail fever was a common term for: 13)
A) mental illness B) typhus
C) psychosis D) claustrophobia
14) Which of these ideas was not conceived by Cesare Beccaria? 14)
A) Individuals should be regarded as innocent until proven guilty.
B) The purpose of punishment is to provide social revenge.
C) Preventing crimes is more important than punishment for crimes.
D) There should be no capital punishment.
15) Bentham's "hedonistic calculus" was developed from the belief that: 15)
A) math and science are interconnected
B) the effectiveness of deterrence can be calculated mathematically
C) behavior can be influenced in a scientific manner
D) crime can be controlled through statistical analysis
16) Which of these is Bentham's idea that the main objective of an intelligent person is to achieve the 16)
most pleasure while experiencing the least amount of pain?
A) Friedensgeld B) Hedonistic calculus
C) Civil death D) Lex humana
17) All of these are among John Howard's principles for a penitentiary system except: 17)
A) systematic inspection B) secure and sanitary structures
C) hard physical labor D) abolition of fees
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, 18) The deportation of criminals to America from England between 1596 and 1776 was known as: 18)
A) inquisition B) restitution C) exoneration D) transportation
19) The deportation of criminals to America from England stopped because of: 19)
A) the beginning of the American Revolution
B) a decision to redirect transportation to Australia
C) the increasingly expensive cost of the voyages
D) persistent complaints filed against the monarchy
20) Old abandoned or unusable transport ships anchored in rivers and harbors throughout the 20)
British Isles to confine the accused were known as:
A) hulks B) workhouses C) Bridewells D) gaols
21) The Hospice of San Michele in Rome exclusively handled: 21)
A) the elderly B) juveniles
C) the criminally insane D) the terminally ill
22) Which of these was not one of the main concepts that carried over from the early cellular 22)
institutions?
A) Withholding food from inmates
B) The central community work area
C) A monastic regimen of silence and expiation
D) Individual cells for sleeping
23) The first true correctional institution in America was: 23)
A) the Walnut Street Jail B) the Brank
C) Mamertine Prison D) the Great Law
24) The system of prison discipline that used total isolation or solitary confinement was known as 24)
the:
A) English Anglican Code B) Great Law
C) Quaker Code D) Pennsylvania System
25) Which of these led to the ultimate failure of the Walnut Street Jail program? 25)
A) There were not enough inmates. B) It became overcrowded.
C) Too many prisoners revolted. D) Disease became too rampant.
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
26) The role of corrections has changed significantly since 2000 B.C. 26)
27) The role of corrections is mainly to deter potential criminals from becoming involved in crime. 27)
28) In early primitive societies, personal retaliation was accepted and even encouraged by members 28)
of the tribal group.
29) There is little doubt that outlawry, or exile, was the first punishment imposed by society. 29)
30) The concept of lex talionis first appears in the Bible. 30)
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, 31) Civil death was an early name for penal servitude. 31)
32) The most common forms of state punishment over the centuries were corporal punishments. 32)
33) The use of capital and corporal punishment was based on the belief that public punishment 33)
would be a deterrent to potential criminals.
34) The emergence of secular law was supported by scholars advocating the independence of the 34)
monarchy from the pope.
35) Sir Thomas More argued that the primary way to prevent crime was through punishment. 35)
36) In the early days of secular law, extremely severe punishment did not curtail the volume of 36)
crime.
37) Originally, imprisonment was just used as a means to hold the accused until an official 37)
punishment was handed out.
38) Workhouses were designed as places of confinement for convicted criminals. 38)
39) Cesare Beccaria argued that the purpose of punishment is to deter persons from the commission 39)
of crime and not to provide social revenge.
40) The Penitentiary Act led to the increased use of hulks to incarcerate offenders in England. 40)
41) Hulks were intended as a temporary solution to the problem of overcrowding in England. 41)
42) The main concepts drawn from early cellular institutions included a focus on penitence and 42)
monastic contemplation.
43) William Penn advocated the use of capital punishment in Pennsylvania. 43)
44) The Walnut Street Jail was the first true correctional institution in the United States. 44)
45) The Pennsylvania system called for solitary confinement after a long day of hard labor. 45)
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
46) With the advent of the ________ church, two separate systems of justice emerged: one 46)
for the nobility and the other for the common man.
47) ________ death occurred when an offender was placed in penal servitude and lost all 47)
rights and property.
48) The main contribution of the ________ church to the study of corrections was the 48)
concept of free will.
49) ________ punishment included whipping, branding, mutilation, and caning. 49)
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