Psych 420 Certification Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
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Course
Psych 420
Institution
Psych 420
As one of their main goals, the original behaviorists tried to: discover a set of principles
concerned with how behavior changes in response to different configurations of stimuli
Cognitive psychology is primarily concerned with which of the following? the
measurement and understanding of ment...
Psych 420 Certification Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers As one of their main goals, the original behavio rists tried to: ✔✔✔ discover a set of principles concerned with how behavior changes in response to different configurations of stimuli Cognitive psychology is primarily concerned with which of the following? ✔✔✔ the measurement and understanding of mental processes You are likely to perform the same behavior given the following requests: 1) Can you get some milk on your way home? 2) Would you grab some milk for breakfast? 3) We're out of milk. Can you fix that? 4) Need milk. This illustrates that: ✔✔✔ Humans interpret meaning, not the physical stimulus of particular word combinations, to drive their behaviors Sternberg's contribution to the idea of cognition as information processing was important because ✔✔✔ Sternberg provided a method for measuring in dividual mental processing steps by breaking down total response time H.M. was famous for his changes in memory after going under an operation in the mid 20th century. What did studying his memory help us to learn ✔✔✔ Memory is not a unitary process - it has several sub -processes that are independent. For example, working memory can exist without long term memory Capgras Syndrome is ✔✔✔ A result of a disconnect between emotions connected to a stimulus and visual recognition of that stimulus How can we describe unobservable constructs, such as working memory capacity ✔✔✔ We can devise measures, such as span tests, that measure performance that indirectly describes the construct What is the dependent variable for measuring information processin g? ✔✔✔ reaction time In an anesthetized mouse with open eyes, a light was shown in several different locations on a screen visible to the mouse. The mouse had an electrode placed in its brain to measure a single on -off cell. When the light was in one parti cular location, the on -off cell started firing more slowly than when there was no light shown at all! This most likely occurred because: ✔✔✔ the stimulus was in the part of the cell's receptive field that causes inhibition The tarsier has eyes packed with rod photoreceptors. What can you infer about tarsiers from this? ✔✔✔ tarsiers are nocturnal Which of the following areas makes up most of the brain? ✔✔✔ Association area What is the order of cells on the retina from front to back (light enters at the front of the eye, so the first cells that light touches are considered the "front")? ✔✔✔ ganglion cells, bipolar cells, rods and cones Radiologists are specially trained in reading x -rays. During their training, they are cautioned about typical errors and how t o avoid them. One of those errors is a tendency to see an edge in an x -ray that is not really there - this can lead to a diagnosis of a fracture when there is no fracture. The x -ray here is an example, where what appears to be a line is not really as dark as it looks. What visual process explains these errors and how could we best compensate for the likelihood of error? ✔✔✔ The reason for such false edge detection is that cells in the neural pathway from the eye to the brain inhibit each other when stimulate d. This causes the cells at the edges of a bright stimulus to appear brighter than those farther from the edge, and those at the edges of the dark stimulus to appear darker than those farther from the edge. A good way to "see" actual brightness or darkness is to use a computer program such as photoshop and sample colors from the edges, so their actual brightness can be examined and compared, rather than depending on the human eye. By manipulating a photo, how can you make something very big appear to be ve ry small? ✔✔✔ Blur the periphery of the image, just as it would appear if tiny and held close to the eye true or false fMRI indirectly measures brain activity by showing the signal given by blood cells consumed by recently fired neurons ✔✔✔ true Ali had an operation to sever his corpus callosum in an attempt to control his seizures. He then volunteers to participate in cognitive psychology experiments. In one, the picture below was shown in his left visual field. Which of the following will he most likely r espond that he saw? ✔✔✔ A portrait of one large face Pigeons have more types of cones than do humans. This makes them better at some tasks. Knowing what you know about photoreceptors, which of the following was a real government effort in the early 1980s? ✔✔✔ Project "Seahunt" - Attaching pigeons in little glass bowls underneath helicopters and training them to alert the pilot when they saw the orange flotation vests of sailors or wreckage in the ocean Which of the following neuroimaging techniques can prod uce the most precise information regarding when an activity took place in the brain? ✔✔✔ eeg Which of the following statements is true regarding the anatomy of the primary projection areas? ✔✔✔ Areas of the body that are more sensitive have more cortical sp ace devoted to their sensations or movement The case study of Phineas Gage was valuable to the advancement of cognitive psychology because ✔✔✔ Scientists were able to directly observe how damage to certain areas of the brain can result in changes in behavior Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the perception of briefly presented words? ✔✔✔ Participants are better at recognizing words that were recently seen Choose the currently favored model of visual pattern recognition ✔✔✔ feature analysis model The picture above has an illusion in it where a person appears to have a horse head. What *least* contributes to the illusion? ✔✔✔ Principle of meaningfulness
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