Summary Chapter 11 Attachment to Others and Development of the Self
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Course
Developmental and Educational Psychology
Institution
Universiteit Leiden (UL)
Book
How Children Develop
Leiden University
International Bachelor in Psychology, Year 1
Chapter 11 Attachment to Others and Development of the Self
Summary consist of the literature IBP students need to know for the first year of the bachelor from the book "How children develop" by Siegler, Saffran, Eisenberg, DeLoache ...
Test Bank For How Children Develop 5th Edition by Robert S. Siegler Chapter 1-16 Complete Guide A+
Test Bank For How Children Develop 5th Edition by Robert Siegler 9781319014230 Chapter 1-16 Complete Guide.
Test Bank For How Children Develop 5th Edition by Robert S. Siegler Chapter 1-16 Complete Guide A+
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Psychologie
Developmental and Educational Psychology
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Chapter 11 Attachment to others and development of
the self
The caregiver-child attachment relationship
Harlow: wire mother and cloth mother → monkeys spent more time on cloth mothers.
Attachment theory
= theory based on John Bowlby’s work that posits that children are biologically
predisposed to develop attachments to caregivers as a means of increasing the
chances of their own survival.
An infant uses the caregiver as a secure base → a trusted caregiver giving a sense
of security so the child explores the environment.
Why attachment?
- increase chance of survival (caregiver is source for food and protection).
- give emotional security causing exploration of the world without fear.
- co-regulation: help manage levels of arousal and emotions.
Attachment process is innate, but development and quality are dependent on
experiences with caregivers.
Bowlby and the four phases of development of attachment:
1. Pre-attachment (0-6 weeks): baby communicates with innate behaviors, such
as crying.
2. Attachment-in-the-making (6 weeks - 6/8 months): preference for familiar
people, development of trust, develop expectations of responses.
3. Clear-cut attachment (6/8 months - 1,5 years): actively seeks contact with
regular caregivers, separation anxiety or distress when mother leaves. Mother
= secure base
4. Reciprocal relationships (1,5 - 2 years): understanding of others, regulated
relationship because child takes an active role in developing a relationship
with the parents, separation anxiety decreases.
Internal model of attachment = the child’s mental representation of the self, of
attachment figure(s), and of relationships in general that is constructed as a result of
experiences with caregivers. The working model guides children’s interactions with
caregivers and other people in infancy at older ages.
→ influences the overall adjustment, social behavior, perceptions of others, and
development of their self-esteem and sense of self.
→ guides the individual’s expectations about relationships throughout life.
Measurement of attachment security
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