Bio 150 Final Exam - UTK Mamantov(2024 Latest Update)Verified
What statement best distinguishes scientific hypotheses from scientific theories? - ANSWER Hypotheses are usually narrower in scope; theories have broader explanatory power.
A controlled experiment ____________. - ANSWER includes at least two groups, one of
which does not receive the experimental treatment
In trying to determine whether DNA or protein is the genetic material, Hershey and Chase made use of which fact? - ANSWER DNA contains phosphorus, whereas protein
does not.
In analyzing the number of different bases in a DNA sample, which result would be consistent with the base-pairing rules? - ANSWER A / T = C / G
Within a double-stranded DNA molecule, adenine forms hydrogen bonds with thymine and cytosine forms hydrogen bonds with guanine. This arrangement ________. - ANSWER permits complementary base pairing
In the process of transcription, ________. - ANSWER RNA is synthesized
Once researchers identified DNA as the unit of inheritance, they asked how information was transferred from the DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. What is the mechanism of information transfer in eukaryotes? - ANSWER Messenger RNA is transcribed from a single gene and transfers information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis takes place.
The "universal" genetic code is now known to have exceptions. Evidence for this can be
found if what is TRUE? - ANSWER If UGA, usually a stop codon, is found to code for an
amino acid such as tryptophan (usually coded for by UGG only) in a different organism
Why did the F1 offspring of Mendel's classic pea cross always look like one of the two parental varieties? - ANSWER One allele was dominant
Which of the following best describes Mendel's particulate inheritance hypothesis? - ANSWER Hereditary components are discrete units that do not change from generation
to generation.
Two plants are crossed, resulting in offspring with a 3:1 ratio for a particular trait. This ratio suggests that ________. - ANSWER the parents were both heterozygous for the particular trait In tigers, a recessive allele causes a white tiger (absence of fur pigmentation). If one phenotypically normal tiger that is heterozygous is mated to another that is phenotypically white, what percentage of their offspring is expected to be white? - ANSWER 50%
The cause of genetic drift is sampling error, which occurs ________. - ANSWER when allele frequencies of a chosen subset of a population are different from those in the total
population, by chance
Within a population of fruit flies, curled wings (W) are dominant over regular wings (w). 4/5 of the population of fruit flies have regular wings. What percentage of fruit flies in the
population are heterozygous for this gene (Ww)? Assume the population is in Hardy-
Weinberg equilibrium. - ANSWER 19.6%
Consider the following population: For the gene A, A is dominant to a. The population consists of 100 individuals. 65 of the individuals are heterozygous, 25 of the individuals are homozygous dominant, and 10 of the individuals are homozygous recessive. USE THIS FOR CARDS 15-17!!!
In this population, p = frequency of A and q = frequency of a.
Find p and q - ANSWER p = 0.575
q = 0.425
If after 50 generations of mating, we resample the population and find the following individuals:
40 homozygous dominant individuals,
45 homozygous recessive individuals, and 15 heterozygous individuals
Has evolution occurred? Why or why not? - ANSWER p is now: 80+ or 95/200 =
0.475
q is now: 90+ or 105/200 = 0.525
Evolution has occurred because allele frequencies have changed.
Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium? - ANSWER No
ANSWER CHOICES IN BRACKETS
At the start of meiosis, the cell is ["haploid", "diploid"]
The first cell division of meiosis (meiosis 1), produces ["1", "2", "4", "8"] daughter cells that are ["haploid", "diploid"] and contain ["1", "2", "4", "8"] ["identical copies", "different copies"] of each gene.
The daughter cells produced by the second division of meiosis (meiosis 2) are ["haploid", "diploid"] and contain ["1", "2", "4", "8"] copies of each gene. Meiosis takes one cell and creates ["1", "2", "4", "8"] daughter cells total. - ANSWER diploid, 2, haploid, 2, identical copies, haploid, 1, 4
Soon after the island of Hawaii rose above the sea surface (somewhat less than 1 million years ago) and organisms colonized the island, the evolution of life on this new island should have been most strongly influenced by ________. - ANSWER founder effects
When an organism is better able to survive in an environment due to a new mutation we
can conclude: - ANSWER the mutation occurred at random with respect to the phenotypic change it caused
In all three species of the wading shorebirds, called phalaropes, the majority of parental care (energetic investment) is provided by the male. Based on the Bateman-Trivers hypothesis of sexual selection, what would you expect to see in phalaropes? - ANSWER Females are more brightly colored than males
Evolution in a population of sea turtles can NOT be caused by what agent(s): - ANSWER non-random mating
In some animals, females select males as mates based on their ability to ward off infection as indicated by traits that the males possess. This is an example of ________. - ANSWER honest signaling
Given a population that contains genetic variation, what is the correct sequence of the following events under the influence of natural selection?
1. Well-adapted individuals leave more offspring than do poorly-adapted individuals.
2. A change occurs in the environment.
3. Genetic frequencies within the population change.
4. Poorly-adapted individuals have decreased survivorship - ANSWER 2 --> 4 --> 1 --> 3
Genetic variation ________. - ANSWER must be present in a population before natural selection can act upon the population
If you say that a ground squirrel has greater evolutionary fitness than another ground squirrel in the same population, you mean that the animal ________. - ANSWER has more offspring that survive and reproduce themselves
Which of the following is a fitness trade-off (compromise)? - ANSWER Turtle shells provide protection but are heavy and burdensome when moving.
If you were building a phylogenetic tree of cats, which of the following would be the best
outgroup? - ANSWER wolf
