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Sonography Canada CORE (Physics) Exam Questions with Solutions
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Sonography Canada CORE (Physics) ExamQuestions with Solutions
what is a transducer? - -anything that converts one form of energy to
another form of energy
-what does an ultrasound transducer do? - -converts electropotential energy
into mechanical and mechanical energy into electropotential energy
-what is the curie point? - -if a crystal is heated beyond the curie point (360
degrees for PZT) the crystal can lose piezoelectric effects
-what material is traditionally used for ultrasound trasnducers? - -Lead
ziconate titanate (PZT)
-what are modern transducers made out of? - -composite materials to
achieve greater conversion efficiency with less of an acoustic impedance
mismatch
-Near zone (fresnel) - -the area between the face of the transducer and the
beam focus
-Far zone (Fraunhofer) - -Region past the focus
-Focus - -Where the beam reaches its minimum diameter
-Focal region - -Region over whch the beam is most tightly focused
-Detail resolution - -Ability to distinguish between two objects in any of the
three dimensions (Axial,lateral, elevational)
-Operating frequency - -Center frequency of the transmit bandwidth
-what are four methods of focusing the ultrasound beam - -1)Lenses
2)curved elements
3)electronic focusing
4)mirrors
-define lateral resolution. What are other names for lateral resolution? - -
The ability to resolve two structures as well as the limit to measurement
accuracy in the lateral dimension of an image
Side by side, angular, transverse, azimuthal
-Lateral resolution is equal to.... - -Lateral bandwidth
, -define elevation resolution. What are other names - -ability to resolve two
structures as well as the limit to measurement accuracy in the elevation
dimension
-what are the four acoustic variables? - -Pressure
density
temperature
particle motion
-If a wave needs a medium to propagate it is a(n) __________ wave? - -
mechanical
-what is the wavelength equation - -wavelength=propagation
velocity/frequency
-What is amplitude? - -measure of the strength or size of a physical
quantity. Voltage is a measure of electrical amplitude
-Constructive Interference (In phase waves) - -Adding two signals that are in
phase
Occurs when two waves interact to produce a larger single wave
-Destructive Interference (out of phase waves) - -when two waves are
aligned such that the peak of one wave aligns with the minimum of the other
wave, the waves have a phase difference of 180 and are completely out of
phase
Cancel each other other.
-Partial constructive (partially destructive) - -Waves are out of phase with
each other but not perfectly out of phase (less than 180 degrees). Produces
an affect that is between constructive and destructive
-Frequency and period are - -reciprocals
-what is frequency - -measure of how often an event occurs per time
UNIT: cycles per second (Hertz)
-what is the period? - -Represents the time that transpires between the
occurrence of one compression and the occurrence of the next compression
-What is the propagation velocity? - -refers to how fast a wave travels
within a medium and is determined by the properties of the medium
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