NUR1211: CH. 42 Cardiac Glycosides, Antianginals, and Antidysrhythmic Test Questions with complete Answers
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Course
NUR 1211
Institution
NUR 1211
cardiac glycosides: - *Also called digitalis glycosides*
-this group of drugs inhibits the sodium-potassium
pump, resulting in an increase in intracellular sodium
-This increase leads to an influx of calcium, causing the cardiac muscle fibers to contract more efficiently
The patient has left-si...
NUR 1211: CH. 42 Cardiac Glycosides, Antianginals, and Antidysrhythmic Test Questions w ith complete Answers cardiac glycosides: - ✓✓*Also called digitalis glycosides* -this group of drugs inhibits the sodium -potassium pump, resulting in an increase in intracellular sodium -This increase leads to an influx of calcium, causing the cardiac muscle fibers to contract more efficiently The patient has left -sided HF when: - ✓✓-the left ventricle does not contract sufficiently to pump the blood returned from the lungs and left atrium out through the aorta into the peripheral circulation; this causes excessive amounts of blood to back up into the lung tissue. *Usually the patient has shortness of breath (SOB) and dyspnea* Right -sided HF occurs when: - ✓✓-the heart does not sufficiently pump the blood returned into the right atrium from the systemic circulation. -As a result, the blood and its constituents are backed up into peripheral tissues, *causing peripheral edema* In the cardiac physiology of HF, there is an increase in: - ✓✓preload and afterload. An increased preload - ✓✓-results from an excess of blood volume in the ventricle at the end of diastole. This occurs because of a pathologic increase in the stretching and thickening of the ventricular walls, which allows a greater filling pressure associated with a weakened heart. Increased afterload: - ✓✓-is an additional pressure or force in the ventricular wall caused by excess resistance in the aorta. -This resistance must be overcome to open the aortic valve so blood can be ejected into the circulation. First -line drugs used to treat acute HF include: - ✓✓-intravenous inotropic agents *(dopamine and dobutamine)* -phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as *milrinone.* Secondary drug for HF: - ✓✓Digoxin Digitalis preparations have three effects on heart muscle: - ✓✓*(1) positive inotropic action* increases myocardial contraction stroke volume *(2) negative chronotropic action* decreases heart rate *(3) negative dromotropic action* decreases conduction of heart cells ANH: Atrial Natriuretic Hormone or Peptide. - ✓✓-is secreted from the atria of the heart and acts as an antagonist to renin and aldosterone. -It is released during expansion of the atrium, produces vasodilation, and increases glomerular filtration rate. *20 to 77pg/mL; 20 to 77ng/L (SI units).** Results of ANH secretion include a large volume of urine that decreases blood volume and blood pressure.
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