bios 255 week 3 cardiovascular system blood vessel
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Part 2 Complete the lab report.
Blood vessel Lab report
1. Purpose:
Please state the purpose of the lab.
The purpose is to relate the design of the heart to its function, explain the cardiac
conduction cycle and its regulation, explain the factors that influence the exchange of
material between the blood within capillaries and the interstitial fluid surrounding body
tissues.
2. Procedure:
Briefly discuss the procedure for this lab.
The procedure is to distinguish between the structure of arteries and veins, identify
factors that influence cardiac output, blood flow, and blood pressure, identify the
essential blood vessels of the cardiac, systemic, and pulmonary circulations, also to
identify the structures of the heart.
3. Data and Details:
a. Describe the different types of blood vessels by completing the following chart:
Blood vessel Description/special characteristics Function
Large arteries Large arteries (elastic), also referred to They propel blood from
as conducting arteries. They conduct the heart during
blood from the heart to muscular ventricular diastole.
arteries. Their elastic properties
They have well defined internal and are essential to
external elastic laminae, and their accommodate the
tunica media is thick and full of elastic volume of blood created
fibers, enabling their walls to stretch when blood is expelled
easily with an increase in blood from the heart. As they
pressure. stretch, elastic fibers
store mechanical
energy, which is
converted into
, kinetic energy as the
elastic fibers recoil and
force the blood away
from the heart.
Medium arteries Medium (muscular) arteries are also Smooth muscle cells
referred to as distributing arteries, as maintain a state of partial
they repeatedly branch until reaching contraction or vascular
their target organs. They are less tone, ensuring that vessel
elastic than the conducting arteries as pressure and efficient
they do not have to deal with the same blood flow are sustained
degree of pressure changes. and enable efficient
Depending on the size of the artery, the adjustment of the rate of
thick tunica media is made up of 3 – 40 blood flow by
concentrically arranged layers of vasoconstriction and
smooth muscle cells. vasodilation.
Arterioles Also known as resistance vessels. They Along with local
are numerous, microscopic arteries that chemical mediators, the
feel blood into capillary networks. The sympathetic nerve
diameter varies from 15 – 300 um supply of the arteriole
usually depending on the location. The triggers vasoconstriction
wall thickness is about half the total and vasodilation,
diameter. regulating rate of blood
flow, blood pressure,
and vascular resistance.
Capillaries Capillaries are short branched, Capillary networks
interconnecting vessels that form provide a large surface
networks within nearly every structure area in contact with
of the body, bridging the gap between tissues throughout the
arterioles and venules. A micro- body.
circulation exits as blood flows from a
metarteriole, through capillaries, into a
postcapillary venule. Structurally,
capillaries lack both tunica media and
tunica externa.
A capillary wall is approximately 0.2
micrometers thick and is composed of
a single layer of endothelial cells
adhered to a basement membrane.
Venules This are like arterioles they are Venules drain blood
numerous and microscopic, but their from the capillary
walls are much thinner. Postcapillary networks and feed the
venules are continuous with capillary return flow of blood to
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