TEST BANK Neuroscience 6th Edition Laurie Lundy Ekman
Chapter 01: Introduction to Neuroscience
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which one of the following studies is an example of systems level neuroscience?
a. A study investigating the action of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the temporal
lobes of rodents
b. A study investigating the effect of impaired memory on walking performance
c. A study investigating how autonomic nerves influence baroreceptors in the
vasculature
d. A study investigating the differential effects of vestibular and proprioceptive
impairments on balance in those who have had a stroke
ANS: C
Systems level neuroscience is concerned with groups of cells in the nervous system that
perform a common function and how these cells interact with other body systems. Other
levels of neuroscience include the molecular level, which investigates the chemistry and
physics involved in neural function; the cellular level, which examines the distinctions among
different types of cells in the nervous system and how they function and communicate among
themselves and among non-neural cells; the behavioral level, which examines the interactions
among systems that influence behavior; and the cognitive level, which explores complex
neurologic functions such as thinking, language, and memory.
2. Which of the following three systems extend into all regions of the nervous system?
a. Somatosensory, autonomic, and basal ganglia
b. Autonomic, somatosensory, and cognitive
c. Limbic, autonomic, and somatosensory
d. Somatosensory, motor, and autonomic
ANS: D
The three systems extend throughout the entire nervous system are the somatosensory system,
conveying information from the skin and musculoskeletal system to the brain; the autonomic
system, providing communication between the brain and smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and
glands; and the motor system, transmitting information from the brain to the skeletal muscles.
The basal ganglia, cognitive, and memory systems are located entirely within the brain, and
thus do not extend into the spinal and peripheral regions.
3. The peripheral nervous system includes which of the following?
a. Brainstem and spinal nerves
b. Nerves, sensory receptors, and autonomic ganglia
c. Groups of myelinated axons called capsules or tracts
d. Only afferent neurons that convey information to the central nervous system
ANS: B
The peripheral nervous system consists of all nervous system structures outside of the skull
and spinal column. Myelinated axons, the white matter of the peripheral nervous system, are
grouped together in nerves. Peripheral nerves convey both afferent and efferent information to
and from the central nervous system. Collections of autonomic cell bodies, or gray matter,
located in the periphery are termed ganglia.
,4. A ___________ is a non-neuronal cell that provides services for neurons.
a. dendrite
b. axon
c. glial cell
d. soma
ANS: C
Glial cells are non-neuronal cells that provide services for neurons.
5. The __________ is the most massive part of the brain and consists of the diencephalon and
cerebral hemispheres.
a. cerebrum
b. central nervous system
c. peripheral nervous system
d. thalamus
ANS: A
The cerebrum is the most massive part of the brain and consists of the diencephalon and
cerebral hemispheres.
6. Which of the following vertical systems provides bidirectional communication between the
brain and the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands?
a. Autonomic
b. Somatosensory
c. Motor
d. All of the options
ANS: A
The autonomic, somatosensory, and motor systems are the three vertical systems that have
axons which extend through the periphery, spinal cord, and brain. The autonomic system
provides bidirectional communication between the brain and the smooth muscle, cardiac
muscle, and glands.
,Chapter 02: Neuroanatomy
Lundy-Ekman: Neuroscience: Fundamentals for Rehabilitation, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The brainstem and cerebellum receive most of their blood supply from which of the following
arterial branches?
a. Internal carotid and posterior cerebral
b. Vertebral and middle cerebral
c. Vertebral and basilar
d. Internal carotid and basilar
ANS: C
Branches of the vertebral and basilar arteries provide blood supply to the brainstem and
cerebellum. These branches include the anterior and posterior spinal arteries (medulla),
posterior cerebral arteries (midbrain), posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (medulla and
cerebellum), and anterior inferior and superior cerebellar arteries (pons and cerebellum).
2. The middle cerebral arteries arise from the ________ and supply the _________.
a. basilar artery; medial surfaces of the frontal and parietal lobes
b. internal carotid arteries; lateral cerebral hemispheres
c. anterior communicating artery; lateral cerebral hemispheres
d. internal carotid arteries; internal capsule, putamen, and caudate nucleus
e. internal carotid arteries; lateral cerebral hemispheres and internal capsule,
putamen, and caudate nucleus
ANS: E
The middle cerebral arteries arise as branches from the internal carotid arteries and provide
blood supply to a majority of the lateral cerebral hemispheres, as well as to the internal
capsule, globus pallidus, putamen, and caudate nucleus.
3. Which of the following arteries are part of the circle of Willis?
a. Internal carotid and vertebral arteries
b. Anterior and lateral cerebral arteries
c. Anterior and posterior cerebral arteries
d. Medial and lateral communicating arteries
ANS: C
The circle of Willis is a ring of nine anastomotic arteries: the left and right anterior cerebral
arteries, the left and right internal carotid arteries, the left and right posterior cerebral arteries,
posterior communicating arteries (left and right), and the anterior communicating artery. The
basilar artery and middle cerebral arteries are sometimes also included in the circle.
4. The function of the meninges includes which one of the following?
a. Regulation of extracellular fluid content
b. Protection of the brain and spinal cord
c. Circulation of cerebrospinal fluid
d. All of these options
ANS: D
, The cerebrospinal fluid system consists of both the cerebrospinal fluid and the meninges. The
meninges contain spaces called dural sinuses, which contribute to the return of blood and
cerebrospinal fluid to the venous blood system. The meninges also provide buoyancy and
protection to the brain and spinal cord, as well as regulate extracellular fluid content.
5. Which of the following correctly pairs a cerebral structure with its function?
a. Corpus striatum; memory formation
b. Internal capsule; cortical and subcortical communication
c. Amygdala; somatosensory integration and processing
d. Epithalamus; regulation of metabolic rate
ANS: B
Composed of the caudate nucleus and putamen, the corpus striatum is an important structure
in the basal ganglia circuit, which is critical to the control of movement. The internal capsule
consists of projections between the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures, thus facilitating
communication between these areas. The amygdala plays an important role in emotion and
some aspects of memory formation. The epithalamus consists primarily of the pineal gland
and influences secretion of the endocrine glands.
6. The cerebral hemispheres are
a. divided by the central sulcus.
b. subdivided into four lobes per hemisphere.
c. composed primarily of gray matter, with an outer layer of white matter.
d. connected by the corpus callosum and anterior commissure.
ANS: D
The longitudinal fissure divides the two cerebral hemispheres, and each hemisphere can be
subdivided into a total of six lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, limbic, and insular.
The surface of the cerebrum is composed of gray matter, with underlying white matter deep to
this. The corpus callosum connects the majority of the left and right cerebral hemispheres,
with the anterior commissure connecting the left and right temporal cortices.
7. Each cranial nerve
a. emerges from the spinal cord.
b. carries autonomic information
c. innervates the head, neck, and face.
d. carries motor or sensory information.
ANS: D
The cranial nerves are a series of 12 nerve pairs that emerge from the surface of the brain and
are numbered according to their sites of attachment to the brain, from anterior to posterior.
Cranial nerves I, II, and VIII carry only sensory information, whereas nerves III, IV, VI, X,
and XII carry primarily motor information. The remaining cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and XI)
are mixed, carrying both motor and sensory signals. Although most cranial nerves innervate
structures of the head, neck, and face, the vagus nerve (X) also innervates abdominal and
thoracic structures. Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X also have autonomic functions.
8. Which one of the following functions is regulated by the structures of the diencephalon?
a. Processing of emotion and memory information
b. Integration of information for equilibrium
c. Coordination of movement
