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BCBA Exam Prep 4th Edition Task List: Full Set of Terms
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BCBA Exam Prep 4th Edition Task List: Full Set of Terms
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1 BCBA Exam Prep 4th Edition Task list Full Set of Terms John Watson - Methodological Behaviourism (S-R Behaviourism, S-R Psychology) 1913 -First person to describe behaviourism as formal system. Methodological Behaviourism only looks at publicly observed events. Not concerned with private events. Study Bx by direct observation of relationship between environemtal stimulus (S) and responses (R) they evoke 1920 - Little Albert Experiment Ivan Pavlov - Classical Conditioning Respondent conditioning with dogs Habituation - When eliciting stimulus is presented repeatedly over a short time the strength of the respondent Bx diminishes Respondent Conditioning AKA: Classical Conditioning, Pavlovian Conditioning S-S pairing; Conditioned Stimulus -Conditioned Response (CS-CR) - Ivan Pavlov When new stimuli acquire ability to elicit responses US------>UR US ---------- >UR (food) (salivate) (food) (salivate) NS + US ----------- >UR (tone) (food) (salivate) NS > CS >CR (tone) (no salivate) (tone) (salivate) Operant Behaviour AKA: S -R-S model, 3 -term contingency - EMIT/EVOKE Probability of occurrence determined by history of consequences Voluntary Action Operants defined in terms of relationship to controlling variables (function) Operant NOT defined by topography FUNCTION IS WHAT MATTERS includes R+ and punishment Adaptation - Reductions in the responding evoked by an antecedent stimulus over repeated or prolonged presentations Ontogenic - Learning that results from an organism's interaction with his environment OPERANT BX -> ontogenic history Operant Conditioning 2 AKA: Behavioural Contingency, 3 -term contingency, ABC - Response (SD), the response, and outcome of the response The dependency of a particular consequence on the occurrence of the BX R+ or punisher said to be 'contingent' on a Bx, the Bx must be emitted for consequence to occur Phylogeny - Behaviour inherited genetically Respondent behaviour due to phylogenic history Mentalism AKA: Spiritual/psychic/subjective feelings/attitudes - Approach to explaining behaviour that assumes inner dimension exists and causes Bx Traditional psychology dominated by this Applied Behavior Analysis - A scientific approach for discovering environmental variables that reliably influence socially significant behaviour and for developing a technology of behaviour change that is practical and applicable Evidence based APPLIED science Science - A systematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge about the natural world Based on Determinism Purpose: to achieve a thorough understanding of phenomena under study ABA-> socially important behaviours B.F Skinner - 1938 - Radical Behaviourism Radical because it includes private events into understanding behaviour Darwinian Selectionism AKA: Selection by consequences - Discuss 3 -term contingency with regards to species and survival Belief that all forms of life, from single cells to complex cultures evolve selection with respect to function Operant selection by consequences requires variation in BX Best outcomes selected and survive. Pragmatism - A probabilistic AB because of C philosophy At the level of behaviour, the relation between the setting (A) and the behaviour (B) is because of consequences (C) Focuses on answering question: " How do things come to be as they are?" Charles S Pierce & William James Meaning of an idea or a proposition lies in its observable practical consequences rather than theory of dogma 3 Respondent Behaviour AKA: reflex, reflexive relations, unconditioned stimulus -unconditioned response (US - UR) - ELICITED or "brought out" by antecedent stimuli Involuntary Behaviour one does not learn Reflex - The eliciting stimulus (unconditioned stimulus (US) and behaviour it produces (unconditioned response or UR) that is part of the organism's genetic endowment 3 Principles of Behaviour - Punishment Extinction Reinforcement Respondent -Operant Interactions - An experience can often include both respondent and operant conditioning together at the same time example: warming up food in a microwave Contiguity AKA: Temporal Contiguity - When 2 stimuli occur close in time, resulting in association of those 2 stimuli Respondent conditioning: temporal contiguity (how close in time) affects pairing of the CS & US Operant conditioning: affects the pairing of the behaviour and consequence This is how superstitious behaviour is developed Hypothetical Constructs AKA: Imaginary Constructs - Presumed, but unobserved entities ex: free will/information processing Effective - Improves behaviour in practical manner, not just statistically significant way Generality - Extends behaviour change across time, settings, other behaviour Analytical AKA: functional relation, Experimentation, Control, Causation - Functional relationship is demonstrated Experimenter demonstrated functional relationship between manipulated events and reliable change in measurable dimension of targeted behaviour Ultimate issue: BELIEVABILITY Conceptually Systematic - All procedures tied to basic behaviour principles of behaviour analysis where they came from 4 Technological - Procedure is clear and detailed Replicable -> like a recipe Applied - ABA improves everyday life Focus on socially significant behaviour Helps peers/parents/significant others behave positively towards client Behavioural - Observable events Behaviour chosen must be a behaviour in need 7 Dimensions of ABA - Behavioural Applied Technological Conceptually systematic Analytic Generality Effective Philosophical Doubt - Healthy skepticism and critical eye about results of studies and our work with clients Parsimony - Simplest Theory Must be ruled out before exploring more complex explanations Helps scientists fit their findings within existing knowledge base Replication - Repeating experiments Helps determine RELIABILITY and usefulness of findings Discovers mistakes, making science a self -correcting enterprise Experimentation - Experimental Analysis Basic strategy of most sciences Requires manipulating variables IV effect on DV Empiricism - FACTS Experimental, data based scientific approach Based on experience and observation Objective quantifications and detailed description of events Determinism - Cause/Effect Lawfulness/ If-Then The world is orderly and predictable 6 Attitudes of Science/Philosophical Assumptions of Behaviour - Determinism ExperimentationThe benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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