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TEST BANK FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 7TH EDITION BY JACQUELYN L. BANASIK CHAPTER 1-54 COMPLETE GUIDE
TEST BANK FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 7TH EDITION BY JACQUELYN L. BANASIK CHAPTER 1-54 COMPLETE GUIDE
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TEST BANK FORPATHOPHYSIOLOGY 7TH
EDITION BY JACQUELYN L.
BANASIK
CHAPTER 1-54 COMPLETE
GUIDE
,Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a pharyng
examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3° F, skin rash, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa
complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and
prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
a. a sore throat.
b. streptococcal infection.
c. genetic susceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat is the man
process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendency to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to in
is also a clinical manifestation of the disease process.
REF: Pg. 2
2. A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. Th
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: A
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for suscepti
vaccination. Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Te
rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning.
management of the disease once it has developed.
REF: Pg. 9
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise program
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such as prescrib
individual who has already developed obesity. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering
exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care an
disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease onc
REF: Pgs. 9-10
4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium intake. Thi
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease, such as by pres
high blood pressure. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing
, 6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of this dise
called the stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the first appeara
In infectious diseases, this period is often called the incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the
and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise
which are associated with a number of different diseases. Sequela refers to subsequent pathologic cond
disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
REF: Pg. 3
7. A disease that is native to a particular region is called
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
ANS: B
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease that spreads to
same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide
REF: Pg. 6
8. In general, with aging, organ size and function
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same.
d. is unknown.
ANS: B
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
REF: Pg. 5
9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well establis
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well establis
stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the first appearance of signs
a latent period or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period, or pro
appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease. Convalescence is the stag
injury, or surgical operation.
REF: Pg. 3
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
10. Your patient’s red blood cell is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by (Select all that appl
a. gender difference.
b. situational factors.
,COMPLETION
12. When the cause is unknown, a condition is said to be .
ANS:
idiopathic
Many diseases are idiopathic in nature.
REF: Pg. 2
13. The nurse is swabbing a patient’s throat to test for streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse must understan
in the probability that they will be positive for a condition when applied to a person with the condition;
.
ANS:
sensitivity
The sensitivity of any test refers to the probability that the test will be positive when applied to a perso
not provide a false negative result. In contrast, specificity is the probability that a test will be negative w
does not have a given condition.
REF: Pg. 5
,Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all the following except
a. tachycardia.
b. diaphoresis.
c. increased peripheral resistance.
d. pupil constriction.
ANS: D
Pupils dilate during stress from the effects of catecholamines. Tachycardia, diaphoresis, and
increased peripheral resistance are indicators of stress and also occur due to catecholamine
release.
REF: Pg. 18 | Pg. 21
2. Which is not normally secreted in response to stress?
a. Norepinephrine
b. Cortisol
c. Epinephrine
d. Insulin
ANS: D
Insulin secretion is impaired during stress to promote energy from increased blood glucose.
Norepinephrine is secreted during stress as a mediator of stress and adaptation. Cortisol is
secreted during stress as a mediator of stress and adaptation and stimulates gluconeogenesis in
the liver to supply the body with glucose. Epinephrine is secreted during stress as a mediator
of stress and adaptation and increases glycogenolysis and the release of glucose from the liver.
REF: Pg. 17
3. Selye’s three phases of the stress response include all the following except
a. allostasis.
b. resistance.
c. alarm.
d. exhaustion.
ANS: A
Allostasis is defined as the ability to successfully adapt to challenges. Allostasis may/may not
occur in response to stress. Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion are the three phases of the stress
response as described by Selye in the general adaptation syndrome.
REF: Pgs. 13-14
4. Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system
and are mediated by
a. norepinephrine.
b. cortisol.
, c. glucagon.
d. ACTH.
ANS: A
Norepinephrine is secreted in response to activation of the sympathetic nervous system during
stress by the adrenal medulla. Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal cortex. Glucagon is secreted
by the pancreas. ACTH is secreted by the pituitary gland.
REF: Pg. 17
5. The effects of excessive cortisol production include
a. immune suppression.
b. hypoglycemia.
c. anorexia.
d. inflammatory reactions.
ANS: A
Cortisol suppresses immune function and inflammation and stimulates appetite. Cortisol leads
to hyperglycemia by stimulating gluconeogenesis in the liver.
REF: Pgs. 21-22
6. All the following stress-induced hormones increase blood glucose except
a. aldosterone.
b. cortisol.
c. norepinephrine.
d. epinephrine.
ANS: A
Aldosterone results in water and sodium retention and potassium loss in the urine. It does not
affect blood glucose. Cortisol is a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex. Cortisol
stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver, thus increasing blood glucose. Norepinephrine inhibits
insulin secretion, thus increasing blood sugar. Epinephrine increases glucose release from the
liver and inhibits insulin secretion, thus increasing blood glucose.
REF: Pgs. 17-19
7. Allostasis is best defined as
a. steady state.
b. a state of equilibrium, of balance within the organism.
c. the process by which the body heals following disease.
d. the overall process of adaptive change necessary to maintain survival and well-
being.
ANS: D
Allostasis refers to the overall process of adaptive change necessary to maintain survival and
well-being.
REF: Pg. 13
8. The primary adaptive purpose of the substances produced in the alarm stage is
a. energy and repair.
, b. invoke resting state.
c. produce exhaustion.
d. set a new baseline steady state.
ANS: A
These resources are used for energy and as building blocks, especially the amino acids, for the
later growth and repair of the organism. The substances do not produce a resting state. The
substances can produce exhaustion if they continue, but that is not the adaptive purpose of
these. Although a new baseline steady state may result from the stress response that is not the
adaptive purpose of the substances produced during the alarm stage.
REF: Pgs. 15-16
9. Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in
a. stress reduction.
b. permanent damage and death.
c. movement into the resistance stage.
d. exhaustion of the sympathetic nervous system.
ANS: B
If the alarm stage were to persist, the body would soon suffer undue wear and tear and become
subject to permanent damage and even death. Actions taken by the individual during the
resistance stage lead to stress reduction. The resistance stage may or may not occur following
the alarm stage, based on resource availability. The sympathetic nervous system will continue
to function, resulting in continued release of stress hormones.
REF: Pg. 16
10. The effect of stress on the immune system
a. is unknown.
b. has been demonstrated to be non-existent in studies.
c. most often involves enhancement of the immune system.
d. may involve enhancement or impairment the immune system.
ANS: D
Many studies demonstrate that long-term stress impairs the immune system, but many
researchers identify that short-term stress may enhance the immune system.
REF: Pg. 19
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
11. Aldosterone may increase during stress, leading to (Select all that apply.)
a. decreased urinary output.
b. increased blood potassium.
c. increased sodium retention.
d. increased blood volume.
e. decreased blood pressure.
ANS: A, C, D
, Aldosterone increases water and sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the renal
distal tubules and collecting ducts, thus leading to decreased urinary output, sodium retention
in the body, and increased extracellular fluid volume. Because it leads to potassium excretion,
aldosterone leads to decreased blood potassium.
REF: Pg. 18
12. Chronic activation of stress hormones can lead to (Select all that apply.)
a. cardiovascular disease.
b. depression.
c. impaired cognitive function.
d. autoimmune disease.
e. overactive immune function.
ANS: A, B, C, D
Excessive cortisol levels promote hypertension, atherosclerosis, and the development of
cardiovascular disease. Chronic overactive stress hormones may result in atrophy and death of
brain cells. Elevated levels of stress hormones are found in individuals with depressive
disorders. Chronic stress leads to immune function impairment, rather than overactive
immune function, and has been implicated in autoimmune disorders.
REF: Pgs. 21-22
13. Events which occur during the alarm stage of the stress response include secretion of (Select
all that apply.)
a. catecholamines.
b. ACTH.
c. glucocorticoids.
d. immune cytokines.
e. TSH.
ANS: A, B, C, D
During the alarm stage, catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine), ACTH,
glucocorticoids, and immune cytokines are secreted. TSH is not secreted during the stress
response.
REF: Pgs. 14-15
This study source was downloaded by 100000839832718 from CourseHero.com on 02-12-2022 18:03:34 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/12947129/Pathophysiology-Chapter-2/
, Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Glycolysis is the metabolic process of breaking down a glucose molecule to form
a. CO2 and H2O.
b. 2 ATP and 2 pyruvate.
c. 30 ATP.
d. oxygen.
ANS: B
Glycolysis produces a net gain of 2 ATP molecules and breaks down glucose modules to produce
two pyruvate molecules. Oxidative phosphorylation produces CO2 and H2O. Oxidative
phosphorylation produces 30 ATP molecules. Oxygen is not produced by glycolysis, but it is
necessary for oxidative phosphorylation.
REF: Pg. 34
2. The benefit of glycolysis is that this phase supplies
a. ATP to meet energy needs of the body.
b. pyruvate to the citric acid cycle.
c. energy for oxidative phosphorylation
d. lactate during anaerobic conditions.
ANS: B
The benefit of glycolysis is to supply pyruvate to the citric acid cycle of cellular metabolism,
which then produces much ATP. Glycolysis only produces 2 ATP modules, which is insufficient
for energy needs. Glycolysis does not supply energy for oxidative phosphorylation. Lactate
produced during prolonged anaerobic conditions builds up and can lead to lactic acidosis, which
is an undesirable outcome.
REF: Pg. 34
3. Repolarization of a neuron after a depolarizing action potential is due to
a. activation of the Na+-K+ pump.
b. influx of calcium.
c. efflux of potassium.
This study source was downloaded by 100000839832718 from CourseHero.com on 02-12-2022 18:34:50 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/32362677/Patho-Ch-3pdf/
, d. influx of sodium.
ANS: C
Repolarization is due to efflux of potassium from the cell. The Na+-K+ pump maintains cellular
volume via osmotic pressure and helps to maintain resting membrane potential. Calcium influx
prolongs the action potential. Influx of sodium initiates depolarization.
REF: Pg. 45
4. Excitable cells are able to conduct action potentials because they have
a. receptors for neurotransmitters.
b. tight junctions.
c. ligand-gated channels.
d. voltage-gated channels.
ANS: D
Voltage-gated channels respond to changes in membrane potential and are responsible for
conducting action potentials. Receptors for neurotransmitters allow neurotransmitters to bind to
the cell membrane but are not directly responsible for action potentials in excitable cells. Tight
junctions are intercellular connections that help segregate proteins on the cell membrane and are
not involved in conducting action potentials. Ligand-gated channels respond to binding of a
signaling molecule such as a neurotransmitter, but are not directly responsible for action
potentials in excitable cells.
REF: Pgs. 42-44
5. The resting membrane potential in nerve and skeletal muscle is determined
primarily by
a. extracellular sodium ion concentration.
b. the ratio of intracellular to extracellular
potassium ions.
c. activation of voltage-gated sodium
channels.
d. activity of energy-dependent membrane
pumps.
ANS: B
This study source was downloaded by 100000839832718 from CourseHero.com on 02-12-2022 18:34:50 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/32362677/Patho-Ch-3pdf/
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