LCSW Exam Prep Practice Evaluation /Research Questions And Answers 2 major purposes of research design 1. to provide answers to research questions 2. to control variance, insuring that the results obtained are as closely related to what is being studied Maximin on Principal Maximize the variance of the variables of the substantive research hypothesis (i.e., you want the experimental conditions to be as different as possible); to Control extraneous variables (i.e., these are independent variables that are not necessarily related to your study, (e.g., sex, race); and Minimize error variance (i.e., this is the fluctuation that may occur in your results due to random events). Variable any phenomena or characteristic that is free to vary with at least two conditions or levels (e.g., gender with both males and females is a variable; males alone would be a constant) Constant restricted to a single state (e.g., gender is a constant if females only are used in a study -not both sexes) Independent Variable presumed cause Dependent Variable presumed effect and vary as related to the independent variable, usually the treatment being tested is the independent variable Hypothesis a proposition that is stated in a testable form Null Hypothesis referred to as the hypothesis of "no difference," generally used in statistcal analysis to be disproved Random Sample briefly stated, it is a planned process that utilizes probability theory to ensure that the sample will represent the population, in the random sample each subject in the population has an equal chance of being selected
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