Instructor Manual For
Statistics A Tool for Social Research and Data Analysis 11e Joseph F. Healey
Christopher Donoghue
Chapter 1-15
Chapter 1
New to this Edition
Updated Learning Objectives for the chapter
Updated “Using Statistics” box
Updated “Statistics in Everyday Life” box on Push Polls
Updated “The Goals of This Text” section
Updated “Statistics in Everyday Life” box on Using Descriptive Statistics
Updated “Statistics in Everyday Life” box on Using Inferential Statistics
Updated “Statistics in Everyday Life” box on Changes in Socioeconomic Status in the U.S.
New graph on Percent of Americans Identifying as Lower Class
Some section titles have been changed for clarity
Added one problem
Updated “Reading Statistics” box
Learning Objectives: By the end of this chapter, students will be able to
1. Identify the key stages and terms in social scientific research
2. Distinguish between descriptive and inferential statistics
3. Provide examples of discrete and continuous variables
4. Describe three levels of measurement and cite examples of each.
Chapter Summary
The text begins by explaining the role of statistics in the research process. The discussion is guided by
the "Wheel of Science" as conceptualized by Walter Wallace (Figure 1.1). The text always presents
statistics in the context of the research enterprise. That is, statistics are presented as useful tools for
answering sociological questions and testing social science theories, never as ends in themselves.
The chapter also distinguishes between descriptive and inferential statistics and univariate, bivariate, and
multivariate statistics. The distinction between discrete and continuous variables and the concept of level
of measurement is presented in this chapter and the latter is stressed throughout the text as an
organizational device and as a major criterion for selecting statistics appropriately. Exercises are provided
at the end of the chapter for reviewing the characteristics of the three levels of measurement used in this
text.
, Chapter 2
BASIC DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS:
Tables, Percentages, Ratios and Rates, and Graphs
New to this Edition
Updated Learning Objectives for this chapter.
Updated “Using Statistics” box at beginning of chapter
Edited Tables 2.2 and 2.3 on Religious Affiliations
Updated Table 2.4 on Religious Affiliations
Updated Table 2.5 and Table 2.6 on Declared Major Fields of Two College Campuses
Added Figure 2.1 on Percentages of People Living in Poverty by State
Updated Table 2.7and 2.8 – Support for Birth Control on University Campuses
Updated Table 2.9 and 2.10 – Ages of Students in a College Class
Updated Table 2.11 – Finding Midpoints
Updated “One Step at a Time: Finding Midpoints” box
Updated Table 2.12 – Real Class Limits
Updated Table 2.13 and 2.14 – Age of Students in a College Class
Updated Table 2.15 – Distribution of Income by Household, United States, 2017
DELETED “Applying Statistics 2.3: Frequency Distributions”
Added Social Research and Data Analysis 2.3: Frequency Distributions
Updated Using SPSS: Frequency Distributions” box
DELETED “Applying Statistics 2.4: Ratios”
Added “Social Research and Data Analysis 2.4: Ratios” box
DELETED “Applying Statistics 2.5: Rates”
Added “Social Research and Data Analysis 2.5: Rates” box
DELETED “Applying Statistics 2.6: Percentage Change”
Updated Table 2.16 – Projected Population Growth for Six Nations, 2018-2050
Added new information to the Projected Population sections
Added Table 2.17: Self-Described Religious Affiliation of Adult Americans, 2018
Added Figure 2.2: Self-Describe Religious Identification of Adult Americans, 2018
Added Figure 2.3: Self-Described Religious Identification of Adult Americans, 2018
DELETED Figures 2.4 to 2.3 – homicide rates
Added Figure 2.4: Suicide Rates for Males and Females by Age Group, 2017
DELETED Figures 2.5 to 2.4 and changed example to age of US population
Added Figure 2.5: Unemployment Rate and Earnings by Educational Attainment, 2018
Added Figure 2.6: Age Distribution of the United States, 2017
Added Figure 2.7: Age Distribution of the Population of the United States by Gender, 2017
Updated “Using SPSS: Graphs” box with 2 figures (pie chart and histogram)
Added Table 2.18: U.S. Households by Type, 2018
Updated sections on Martial Status
Updated Table 2.19 on Martial Status for Selected Years
Added Figure 2.8: Rates of Marriage and Divorce, 1950-2017
Updated 4 Problems and 4 tables
Updated “You Are the Researcher: Is There a “Culture War” section and 4 Step boxes
Some sections were updated for clarity
, Learning Objectives: By the end of this chapter, students will be able to
1. Explain how descriptive statistics can be used to make your data understandable
2. Construct frequency distributions for variables at each of the three levels of measurement
3. Compute percentages, proportions, rations, rates, and percentage change for numerical data
4. Analyze pie and bar charts, histograms, and line graphs
5. Create frequency distributions in SPSS and analyze the output
Chapter Summary
This chapter covers relatively simple descriptive devices: frequency distributions, percentages and
proportions, ratios, rates, percent change, pie and bar charts, histograms, and line charts. The emphasis is
on frequency distributions and the construction and interpretation of these tables for variables measured at
each of the three different levels. Instructors may want to supplement this material with additional
examples of each technique and/or graphs and charts, especially those created by software such as
Microsoft Excel.
The underlying 'theme' of this chapter is the need to present results clearly; to communicate results
accurately and concisely but without losing too much detail. Social Research and Data Analysis 2.3, for
example, is intended to contrast the anarchy of raw, unorganized data with the clarity and simplicity of
the frequency distributions.
Chapter 3
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
New to this Edition
Updated Learning Objectives for this chapter
Updated “Using Statistics” box
DELTED Table 3.1: Overseas Travelers
Added Table 3.1: Household Living Arrangements in the U.S., 2018
Updated Table 3.2: Distributions of Scores of Two Tests
Updated Table 3.3: Distributions of Test Scores
DELETED “Statistics in Everyday Life: The Changing American Religious Profile”
Added “Statistics in Everyday Life: Communication between Dating Teenagers”
Updated Table 3.4 and 3.5 on Finding the Median
Added section on Using Percentiles to Find the Median and the Mode
Updated Table 3.6 to Frequency Distribution for the Number of Children in the 2018 General
Social Survey
Updated “Social Research and Data Analysis 3.1: Finding Measures of Position” using U.S.
divorce rates for states and Table 3.7
Added “One Step at a Time: Finding the Mean” box
Updated Table 3.8: A Demonstration Showing that all Scores Cancel Out Around the Mean
Updated Table 3.9: A Demonstration Showing That the Mean is the Point of Minimized Variation
Updated Table 3.10: A Demonstration Showing That the Mean is Affected by Every Score
Added section discussing “skewness”
Updated “Statistics in Everyday Life” box on Baseball Salaries
Updated “Using SPSS: Measures of Central Tendency” box
Updated Table 3.11: The Relationship Between Level of Measure and Measures of Central
Tendency
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Succeed. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $18.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
