(Cambridge IGCSE Sociology)Unit : 6 key terms of Crime
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Sociology
Institution
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Cambridge IGCSE Sociology Coursebook
Unit 6: Crime, deviance and social control
This unit considers the nature of criminal, deviant and normal behaviour in different social contexts. This includes definitions and explanations of crime and deviance and patterns of crime.
**This document contains the definitions of the key terms require...
2.1 What is the relationship between the individual and society?
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‘A’ TO ‘Z’ KEY TERMS OF CRIME,DEVİANCE
(UNIT:6)
Agencies of social control Organisatons,insttutons and groups that guide
or coerce people into conforming to norms.
Anomie When the social bonds and shared value system
between a society and individuals are broken,so
people do not respect these social values and
feel they are outside society.
Community sentencing Punishments that involve non-custodial
sentences,such as carrying out work for the
community.
Conformity Matching attudes and behaviour to those of the
group.
Corporate crime Crime commited by corporatons or
organisatons,usually in pursuit of proft for the
corporaton rather than the beneft of
individuals.
Crime Acts that break formal writen
laws.ex;murdering,stealing…
Crime rates Statstcal measures of crime.
Crime preventon Atempts by governments to reduce
crime,enforce laws and maintain criminal justce.
Cybercrime Crime involving use of new technologies such as
computers.
Dark fgure The unknown number of crimes not included in
official statstcs.
Deterrent When a punishment is intended to stop the
offender or others from commitng the offence
so as to avoid the punishment.
1
, ‘A’ TO ‘Z’ KEY TERMS OF CRIME,DEVİANCE
(UNIT:6)
Deviance Behaviour that breaks the norms or values of a
group.
Deviancy amplifcaton When responses to deviance create further
deviance.
Deviant career In labelling theory this term described the
choices that individuals make which lead them to
behave in ways labelled as deviant and they go
on to follow a deviant path or career.
Dominant values Beliefs that form a basis for acton and are held
by most people or by those with the power to
force their values on others.
Exile/Ostracism Punishment involving the offender having to
leave their home and community.
Formal social control Ways in which a government or its agencies,such
as the police and the law courts,get people to
conform to laws.
Inadequate socialisaton Socialisaton that fails to fully instll social norms
and values and so makes individuals more likely
to become deviant.
Informal social control Ways in which people get others to conform to
norms,ex;by ridiculing them or with looks of
disapproval.
Internet crime The crime involving use of the internet.
Judicial system The system of courts that apply and interpret
laws.
Juvenile delinquency Deviant acts by young people that would be
treated as crimes if they were older.
2
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