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GMS 6440 Fundamentals of medical physiology final | Updated 2024/25
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GMS 6440 Fundamentals of medical physiology final | Updated 2024/25
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GMS 6440 Fundamentals of medical physiology final | Updated 2024/25 name the levels of organization in the human body starting with a molecule molecule macromolecule organelle cell tissue organ organ system organism what are the levels of organization in the heart amino acids --> proteins proteins --> contraction -filament organelles organelles --> muscle cells muscle cells --> muscle tissue muscle tissue --> muscle (organ like a heart) heart --> other organs --> organ system organ systems --> organism (human being) what is the definition of anatomy? the study of structure (greek for a cutting up) what is the definition of physiology? the study of function (greek for relationship to nature) what is structure AL WAYS related to? function what are the characteristics of life? respiration digestion absorption assimilation circulation excretion what are the main goals of respiration? obtaining oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from the body what is the definition of assimilation in the body? changing of absorbed substances into chemically different forms what happens when homeostasis is out of whack? disease, organ systems malfunctioning what are the different organ systems in the body? skeletal system muscular system digestive system cardiovascular/respiratory system renal/urinary system endocrine system nervous system what are the major organs in the skeletal system? bones cartilage bone marrow how many bones are in the human body? 206 bones what are the functions of the skeletal system? provides support provides protection stores calcium/other minerals forms blood cells how is skeletal muscle organized? muscle attached to tendon tendon attached to bone what are the major organs in the mu scular system? skeletal muscles associated tendons how many muscles are there in the body 650 muscles how does the muscular system use the energy in the body 40% energy muscle contraction 60% generate heat what are the functions of the muscular system provides movement provides protection/support generates heat to maintain body temperature what are the two main components of muscles? myosin and actin how many leg muscles are required to walk> 12 what is voluntary movement controlled by brain motor neurons neuromuscular junctions what are the three different types of muscle types skeletal muscle cardiac muscle smooth muscle what two muscle types are involuntary smooth and cardiac what type of muscle is spindle shaped and in irregular bundles with dark nuclei smooth muscle what type of muscle has striations visible skeletal muscle what type of muscle is in the GI tract (esophagus, stomach) smooth muscle what are the major organs of the digestive system teeth, tongue, pharynx esophagus stoma ch small intestine large intestine liver gallbladder pancreas what are the functions of the digestive system process and digest food absorb and conserve water breakdown sugar, proteins, fats store energy reserves generate heat for body temp. what structures are involved in chewing tongue teeth oral cavity what structures are involved in the GI tract esophagus liver pancreas what are the three layers of the esophagus folded at rest mucosa -inner layer connective tissues, mucous glands -middle smooth muscle -outer layer what happens in the inner layer of the stomach secretion of gastric juice (mucous, digestive enzyme, HCl) what is the volume of intestinal juices secreted daily 6.5-8 Liters how much water is lost in the feces each day> 100 mL per day (most juice will be reabsorbed) what is the role of the villi in the small intestine to increase surface area of the intestine to help with absorbing carbs, proteins, and fatsThe benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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