PN3006 - Midterm and Final Review inflammation of the vein's inner lining (tunica intimia); pain, edema, erythema, INCREASED SKIN TEMP, streaking; causes can be mechanical or chemical - ✔✔phlebitis inflammation that causes a blood clot to form; s&s=DECREASED FLOW RATE, bruising; complications=pulmonary embolism, stroke - ✔✔thrombophlebitis IV fluids enter the surrounding space around the venipuncture site; s&s=swelling, pa llor, COOLNESS fluid at site; tx=d/c IV and insert new catheter into alternate extremity - ✔✔infiltration same as infiltration except with CHEMOTHERAPY agents - ✔✔extravasation air bubble in vien; s&s=SOB, coughing, shoulder/neck pain, agitation, hypotension, increased heart rate, jugular vein distension - ✔✔air embolism fluid overload; excess fluid accumulation in lungs due to increased fluid in circulatory system; s&s=decrease d O2 sat, increased resp rate, crackles at lung base, pinky frothy sputum - ✔✔pulmonary edema systemic infection caused by pathogens introduced to bloodstream through puncture site; can lead to sepsis/bacteremia - ✔✔CR-BSI local infection at IV site; 2 -3 days after IV site started - ✔✔infection low sodium; causes - dehydration, hypertonic solution - ✔✔hyponatremia rx to IV device; anaphylaxis - ✔✔allergic reaction during IV administration increased fluid in blood; s&s=pulmonary edema, resp issues (dysp enea); nursing interventions=lung assessment, vs, electrolyte balance, monitor output - ✔✔hypervolemia grade 0 -4; 1=edema<2.5cm, 2=edema 2.5 -15cm, 3=gross edema 2.5 - 15cm, 4=deep pitting edema with severe pain - ✔✔infiltration scale 0-4; 1=erythema, 2=pa in with erythema, 3=pain, erythema, streaks, 4=purulent drainage - ✔✔phlebitis scale 1. infiltration 2. tube occlusion 3. vein spasms (chilled fluids?) 4. height of drip chamber (>3ft) 5. position of cannula (flexion?) 6. patient (moving, touching) - ✔✔6 factors that affect flow rate
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