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Respiratory Exam Med-Surg Questions and Answers 2024
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Respiratory Exam Med-SurgQuestions and Answers 2024
The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
(COPD) and pneumonia who has an order for arterial blood gases to be
drawn. What is the minimum length of time the nurse should plan to hold
pressure on the puncture site?
A. 2 minutes
B. 5 minutes
C. 10 minutes
D. 15 minutes - -B. 5 minutes
After obtaining blood for an arterial blood gas measurement, the nurse
should hold pressure on the puncture site for 5 minutes by the clock to be
sure that bleeding has stopped. An artery is an elastic vessel under much
higher pressure than veins, and significant blood loss or hematoma
formation could occur if the time is insufficient.
-A patient with a recent history of a dry cough has had a chest x-ray that
revealed the presence of nodules. In an effort to determine whether the
nodules are malignant or benign, what is the primary care provider likely to
order?
A. Thoracentesis
B. Pulmonary angiogram
C. CT scan of the patient's chest
D. Positron emission tomography (PET) - -D. Positron emission tomography
(PET)
PET is used to distinguish benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. Because
malignant lung cells have an increased uptake of glucose, the PET scan
(which uses an IV radioactive glucose preparation) can demonstrate
increased uptake of glucose in malignant lung cells. This differentiation
cannot be made using CT, a pulmonary angiogram, or thoracentesis.
-After assisting at the bedside with a thoracentesis, the nurse should
continue to assess the patient for signs and symptoms of what?
A. Bronchospasm
B. Pneumothorax
C. Pulmonary edema
D. Respiratory acidosis - -B. Pneumothorax
, Because thoracentesis involves the introduction of a catheter into the pleural
space, there is a risk of pneumothorax. Thoracentesis does not carry a
significant potential for causing bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, or
respiratory acidosis.
-The patient had abdominal surgery yesterday. Today the lung sounds in the
lower lobes have decreased. The nurse knows this could be due to what
occurring?
A. Pain
B. Atelectasis
C. Pneumonia
D. Pleural effusion - -B. Atelectasis
Postoperatively there is an increased risk for atelectasis from anesthesia as
well as restricted breathing from pain. Without deep breathing to stretch the
alveoli, surfactant secretion to hold the alveoli open is not promoted.
Pneumonia will occur later after surgery. Pleural effusion occurs because of
blockage of lymphatic drainage or an imbalance between intravascular and
oncotic fluid pressures, which is not expected in this case
-The patient is hospitalized with pneumonia. Which diagnostic test should be
used to measure the efficiency of gas transfer in the lung and tissue
oxygenation?
A. Thoracentesis
B. Bronchoscopy
C. Arterial blood gases
D. Pulmonary function tests - -C. Arterial blood gases
Arterial blood gases are used to assess the efficiency of gas transfer in the
lung and tissue oxygenation as is pulse oximetry. Thoracentesis is used to
obtain specimens for diagnostic evaluation, remove pleural fluid, or instill
medication into the pleural space. Bronchoscopy is used for diagnostic
purposes, to obtain biopsy specimens, and to assess changes resulting from
treatment. Pulmonary function tests measure lung volumes and airflow to
diagnose pulmonary disease, monitor disease progression, evaluate
disability, and evaluate response to bronchodilators
-The nurse is interpreting a tuberculin skin test (TST) for a 58-year-old
female patient with end-stage kidney disease secondary to diabetes mellitus.
Which finding would indicate a positive reaction?
A. Acid-fast bacilli cultured at the injection site
B. 15-mm area of redness at the TST injection site
C. 11-mm area of induration at the TST injection site
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