lOMoAR cPSD|15424936 NUR2063 / NURS2063 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2024/2025 GRADED A+. lOMoAR cPSD|15424936 Module 1 • Low potassium (Hypokalemia) – Monitor heart. o Cardiac arrhythmias o Hypokalemia: muscle weakness, parasthesia, hyporeflexia, leg cramps, weak and irregular pulse, hypotension, dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, decreased bowel sounds, abdominal distension, constipation, ileus, and cardiac arrest. • Catecholamines – Flight or fight response o Epinephrine o norepinephrine o Adrenaline o Increases HR, increases BP o tachycardia, increased BP, increases HR, catacholimines, cortisol, epinipherine, adrenaline, pupil dilation • Function of Albumin – decrease albumin – ascites o Albumin - plasma protein, likes water. Takes water with it o Swelling, no albumin in the blood. proteinuria o Will have ascites (abdominal swelling) - generalized fluid accumulation in the wrong places. Generalized swelling. Third spacing. • Function of Aldosterone o Sodium and water retention o Helps to maintain BP • Different fluid compartments o Intracellular - fluid inside cells o Extracellular - fluid outside cells o Intravascular - inside blood vessels o Interstitial - between cells o Transcellular - third spacing • Causes of edema – increased capillary hydrostatic pressure o Excess fluid in the interstitial space. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure , decrease in plasma protein. • Sign and symptom o Symptom - something the patient experiences lOMoAR cPSD|15424936 o Sign- something you see • Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction examples o Immune complex reaction o Excessive immune body produces auto antibody immune response of the body o Ex: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus, erythematosus, rheumatic fever • Cause of contact dermatitis o Contact with allergens
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