Exam (elaborations)
NGN NCLEX Review Exam/127 Questions and Answers/100% Verified
- Course
- Institution
NGN NCLEX Review Exam/127 Questions and Answers/100% Verified
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Victorious23
Reviews received
Content preview
NGN NCLEX Review Exam/127 Questionsand Answers/100% Verified
Normal Sodium level - -135-145
-Hyponatremia - -low sodium in the blood
Chronic: Anorexia, Nausea, Emesis, Muscular, Weakness, Irritability
Severe: gait changes, stupor, seizures, coma
-causes of hyponatremia - -Causes of hyponatremia:
Diuretics-Thiazide Drugs
Dietary Changes,Low Na diet,
Excessive water intake with sweating
Fad diets, Anorexia nervosa.
GI vomiting, diarrhea, GI suctioning,
Tap water enemas,diuretics, kidney disease
-Treatments for hyponatremia - -0.9% NaCl, accurate I&O, vitals (pulse),
watch for signs of water intoxication, monitor blood gases, watch for
respiratory difficulties
-Hypernatremia - -high sodium in the blood
Mild: thirst, rough dry tongue, dry sticky mucous membranes, tachycardia,
fever, flushed dry skin
Severe: disorientation, hallucinations, lethargy, irritability, seizure, coma
-causes of hypernatremia - -Causes:
Dietary Changes-Excessive Salt intake
Excessive IV Saline
Deprivation of water
GI Disorders (Watery Diarrhea)
Decreased Renal Function
Insensible Water Loss
Heat Stroke
Salt water drowning
Head Injury Trauma
-treatments for hypernatremia - -restrict sodium intake, identify drugs that
are sodium retaining, monitor Na levels daily, check for rales, edema in lower
extremities, I&O, Urine specific gravity
-urine specific gravity level - ->1.015
-normal potassium levels - -3.5-5.0 mEq/L
, -hypokalemia - -low potassium
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, vertigo, ventricular arrhythmias, hypotension,
polyuria, muscle cramps, alkalosis, lethargy
-causes of hyponatremia - -Malnutrition; Alcoholism
Potassium wasting diuretics
Renal Failure, Hyperaldosteronism
Steroids
GI Losses;laxative abuse,diarrhea,vomiting,
gastric suctioning
Trauma & injury, excessive sweating
Alkalosis, Insulin
-treatments for hypokalemia - -oral supplements or food replacement, K
Cl(20-40) meq, Kay Ciel, Kaochlor, oral potassium is extremely irritating to
the stomach and should be diluted in water
-hyperkalemia - -high potassium
Abd cramps
Tachycardia
Widened QRS
Ventricular arrhythmia
Cardiac Arrest
Oliguria
Numbness face, tongue, feet , hands
-causes of hyperkalemia - -Excessive K intake, IV K Infusions
Decreased renal function
K sparing diuretics -Aldactone,Dyrenium
Metabolic Acidosis,Hypergylcemia
Addisons disease
Hemolysis, Chemotherapy
Tissue damage, crush injuries, burns
Drugs: Capotril,Cyclosporin, Heparin, Dig toxicity,Penicillin Salts, Beta
Blockers
-treatments for hyperkalemia - -Potassium restriction
IV sodium bicarb
Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate)
Orally given every 4-6 hours and results occur in 1-2 hours
Rectally given has a retention enema every 2-4 hours
Enema removes K in 30-60 minutes
Monitor labs and EKG
-normal calcium levels - -9.0-10.5 mEq/l
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Victorious23. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75057 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now