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Psychology MFT – Questions & Accurate Solutions
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Psychology MFT – Questions & Accurate Solutions
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Psychology MFT – Questions & Accurate SolutionsRole Theory ✔️Ans - People are aware of the social roles they are
expected to fill and social behavior can be attributed to adopting those
roles
Heider's Balance Theory ✔️Ans - P = Person whom we're talking
about
O = Other person
X = thing
Balance occurs when all fit together. We are motivated to achieve balance to
avoid stress.
Festinger's Cognitive Dissonance Theory ✔️Ans - Inner conflict felt
when attitudes don't match behavior - there is psychological motivation to
change either attitude or behavior.
Free choice dissonance ✔️Ans - Occurs when an individual must make
a choice between several desirable alternatives
Forced compliance dissonance ✔️Ans - Occurs when an individual is
forced to behave in a way that is inconsistent with beliefs
Minimal justification effect ✔️Ans - When external justification is
minimal, tend to reduce dissonance by changing internal conditions
Bem's self perception theory ✔️Ans - When attitudes are weak or
ambiguous, observe behavior to infer attitude
Over justification effect ✔️Ans - When you reward someone for
something they already like doing, they start to like the task less.
Hovland's elements of persuasion ✔️Ans - Communicator,
communication, and situation variables
Communicator variables in persuasion ✔️Ans - Credibility, expertise,
and trustworthiness (also helps when communicator argues against self-
interest)
,Petty & Cacioppo's Elaboration Likelihood Model ✔️Ans - Proposes
that there are two routes to persuasion - central and peripheral
Belief perseverance ✔️Ans - Phenomenon when people hold onto
beliefs even after beliefs have been proven false
Festinger's Social Comparsion Theory ✔️Ans - 1) People prefer to
evaluate themselves by objective, nonsocial means 2) When that's not
possible we compare ourselves to other people. The less similarity between
two people, the less tendency to make social comparisons
Schachter's anxiety theory ✔️Ans - Greater anxiety leads to greater
need to affiliate with others. Furthermore, anxious people prefer the
company of other anxious people.
Reciprocity hypothesis ✔️Ans - We tend to like people who indicate
that they like us
Aronson & Linder's gain-loss principle ✔️Ans - An evaluation that
changes will have more of an impact than one that remains constant
Social exchange theory ✔️Ans - Assumes a person weighs the rewards
and costs of interacting with another person
Equity theory ✔️Ans - We consider costs and rewards of interacting
with others, and prefer that our cost/reward ratio be equal to theirs
Attractiveness stereotype ✔️Ans - Tendency to attribute positive
qualities and desirable characteristics to physically attractive people
Mere exposure hypothesis ✔️Ans - Repeated exposure to a stimulus
leads to enhanced liking for it
Diffusion of responsibility ✔️Ans - Presence of others makes us less
likely to act
, Pluralistic ignorance ✔️Ans - When an event can be interpreted in
multiple ways, presence of others can lead us to believe a certain, often
incorrect interpretation (smoke in the room study)
Bandura's Social Learning Theory ✔️Ans - Behavior learned through
modeling or reinforcement (Bobo doll experiment)
Solomon Asch's line study ✔️Ans - Found a strong tendency to
conform, even when confederates were incorrect
Clark & Clark doll preference test ✔️Ans - Found that both black and
white children preferred the white doll -- highlighted negative effects of
racism on self concept of black children
Fundamental attribution error ✔️Ans - Bias toward making
dispositional attributions rather than situational attributions
Lerner's belief in a just world ✔️Ans - Tendency to believe that good
things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people
Social loafing ✔️Ans - Tendency for people to put forth less effort
when part of group than when acting individually
Groupthink ✔️Ans - Occurs when need for agreement outweighs the
need for accuracy
Risky shift ✔️Ans - Tendency for group decisions to be riskier than
the average of individual choices - occurs more in cultures where riskiness
is valued
Group polarization effect ✔️Ans - Tendency for group discussion to
enhance groups' initial tendencies toward riskiness or caution
John Locke's tabula rasa ✔️Ans - Theory that child's mind is a blank
slate to be written on by experience
Psychodynamic theory of development ✔️Ans - Stresses the role of
subconscious conflict in the development of functioning and personality
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