Final Exam CRSS 3060 Soils & Hydrology, Questions
and Correct Answers, With Complete Solution 2024.
soil composition percentages
50% inorganic matter, 5% organic matter, and 45% pore space (water/air)
Georgia Regions: Valley & Ridge
Ultisol & Inceptisols on steep sedimentary ridges and flat valleys
Georgia Regions: Blue Ridge
Ultisols n Inceptisols on steep metamorphic mountains
Georgia Regions: Piedmont
Ultisols on dissected rolling igneous and metamorphic rock
Georgia Regions: Sand hills
Entisols and Ultisols oon rolling aeolian and marine sands
Georgia Regions: Southern Coastal Plain
Ultisols nd Entisols on gently rolling to level marine deposits
Georgia Regions: Flatwoods
Spodisols, Histosols, Entisols on level, recent marine deposits
Granite
Felsic igneous rock common in Piedmont
Quartz
Resistant primary mineral common in sand fraction
Mica
primary mineral with platy morphology found in granite
Chemical weathering
Breaking down of primary minerals into secondary minerals
Primary minerals
quartz
feldspar
mica
muscovite
biotite
calcite
gypsum
halite
Secondary minerals
clay:
kaolinite
vermiculite
illite
montmorillonite
Which soil colloid has the greatest amount of permanent negative charge?
2:! clays
Which of the following minerals is most soluble in a humid, temperate climate?
gypsum (soluble, often found in arid regions)
T/F: The surface area within a volume decreases as soil particles get bigger
, True
CEC
Cation Exchange Capacity: Soil's ability to absorb and release cations. A useful
measure of soil's fertility. (cation: positively charged ion)
Function of Soil
Plant growth media
Regulate water supply
Recycle raw materials
Habitat for soil organisms
Engineering Medium
Atmosphere modifier
4 Soil processes
1. Transformations
2. Translocations
3. Additions
4. Losses
Properties of Soil
Texture, color, pore space, and chemistry.
5 Factors of soil formation
climate, organisms, relief, parent material, time
Parent Material
Alluvium
Colluvium
Residuum
Aeolian
Lacustrine
Marine
Glacial Till
Glacial Outwash
Alluvium
Water. a deposit of clay, silt, sand, and gravel left by flowing streams in a river valley or
delta, typically producing fertile soil.
Colluvium
Gravity. material that accumulates at the foot of a steep slope.
Residuum
formed in place from rocks. Only parent material that is not transported
Aeolian
Wind. Sandy/Silty, Blown into place
Lacustrine
Lake water. Deposition from lake water
Marine
Ocean. Sands/Clays deposition
Glacial Till
sediment deposited directly by a glacier
Glacial outwash
Sediment deposited by meltwater streams emanating from a glacier.
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